I-Microchromatic

Isiphi isici esithakazelisayo esibe khona emculweni kusukela eGrisi lasendulo, kodwa esingaziwa yibo bonke abantu?

I-Microchromatic  iwuhlobo olukhethekile lohlelo lwesikhawu lomculo. Yakhethwa futhi yachazwa umculi odumile waseRussia wasetiyetha kanye nesazi somculo esivelele u-Yuri Kholopov. Umqondo oyinhloko we-microchromatics yi-microinterval, okungukuthi, isikhawu, usayizi wayo ongaphansi kwe-semitone. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ama-microintervals quarter-tone, tretetone, ithoni eyisithupha, njll. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izakhi ezizinzile zesistimu yomsindo. Kuphela manje, indlebe engaqeqeshiwe empeleni ayikwazi ukuwahlukanisa, ngakho-ke iwabona njengezinguquko ezingamanga noma ezingahambisani nesakhiwo semodi.

I-Microinterval: isinyathelo esinzima sesikali

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-microintervals angalinganiswa ngokunembile futhi angamelwa njengezinombolo. Futhi uma sikhuluma ngokuqiniseka kokuphakama kwe-microchromatics, izakhi zayo, njengezikhathi ze-diatonic ne-chromatic, zakha isihloko esigcwele sokuvumelana.

Noma kunjalo, isistimu ye-notation evamile ayikakaqanjwa ama-microintervals kuze kube namuhla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaqambi ngabanye basazama ukuqopha imiculo edalwe kusetshenziswa i-microchromatic esigxotsheni semigqa emihlanu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izikhawu ezincane azichazwanga njengezinyathelo ezizimele, kodwa njengokuguqulwa kwe-microtonal, okungase kuchazwe njengokukhuphuka okubukhali noma ukuncishiswa kwefulethi.

Umlando omncane

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izikhawu ze-microchromatic zazisetshenziswa emculweni wasendulo wamaGreki. Kodwa-ke, kakade ezincwadini zomculo zikaPtolemy noNicomachus ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza koMbuso WaseRoma, incazelo yabo yayingenzelwanga ukuqonda, kodwa njengentela yesiko, ngaphandle kokusho ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, uhlelo lwezikhawu lwenziwa lula nakakhulu, nakuba abanye osozinkolelo bachaza uchungechunge lwamaculo ngokwesiko lasendulo lamaGreki.

Empeleni, i-micro-chromatics yaqala ukusetshenziswa futhi ngesikhathi seRenaissance, ikakhulukazi ngabaculi abanjengoJohn Hotby, Marchetto wasePadua noNicola Vicentino. Nokho, ithonya labo kuyisayensi yomculo yaseYurophu lalingelutho. Kukhona nokunye ukuhlola okukodwa okunama-microintervals. Esinye sezibonelo ezigqama kakhulu umsebenzi ka-Guillaume Cotelet “Seigneur Dieu ta pitié”, owabhalwa ngo-1558 futhi ebonisa amathuba amakhulu ngempela e-microchromatics.

Umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-microchromatics wenziwa umqambi wase-Italy u-Ascanio Maione, owathunywa yisazi semvelo uFabio Colonna, wabhala imidlalo eminingi ye-enharmonic. Le misebenzi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1618 eNaples, kwakufanele ibonise amakhono ensimbi yekhibhodi ye-Lynche sambuca, eyayithuthukiswa nguColonna.

I-Microchromatics ngekhulu lama-20 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21

Ekhulwini lama-20, i-microchromatics yavusa isithakazelo sabaculi nabaqambi abaningi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona u-A. Lurie, A. Ogolevets, A. Khaba, A. Fokker, njll. Kodwa umqambi waseRussia u-Arseniy Avraamov, ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, wakwazi ukuhlanganisa umculo we-microchromatic kanye ne-electronic ekusebenzeni. Ithiyori entsha yayibizwa nge-ultrachromatic.

Kodwa omunye microchromatist asebenzayo kwaba Ivan Vyshnegradsky. Ithalente lakhe lingelemisebenzi eminingana ohlotsheni lwe-duet yepiyano, lapho insimbi eyodwa ikhala ithoni yesine iphansi kunenye. Umqambi wesiCzech u-A. Haba naye wasebenzisa ngenkuthalo imfundiso ye-microchromatics. Ngo-1931, wadala i-opera edume umhlaba wonke ethi "Umama", okuyi-quarter-tone egcwele.

Ngawo-1950, unjiniyela waseRussia u-E. Murzin wadala i-ANS optoelectronic synthesizer lapho i-octave ngayinye ihlukaniswe yaba yi-72 (!) Equal microintervals. Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, amathuba aleli thuluzi elimangalisayo afundiswa ngokujulile ngu-A. Volokonsky, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, S. Kreichi nabanye. U-E. Artemyev wathola ukusetshenziswa kuye - nguye owabhala izingoma zomculo "wesikhala" zefilimu edumile emhlabeni wonke iSolaris.

Umculo wakamuva wezemfundo usebenzisa i-microchromatics kakhulu. Kodwa abalobi abambalwa kuphela abasebenzisa inkolelo ye-microintervals ekusebenzeni - laba nguM. Levinas, T. Murai, R. Mazhulis, Br. Ferneyhoy, njll Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasu amasha okudlala kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezikole zezinsimbi zomculo zasendulo, ukunakwa okuseduze kuhlale kukhokhwa kuma-microchromatics.

Imiphumela

Manje uyazi mayelana ne-microchromatics - ukuthi iyini, ivele nini nokuthi "yasinda" kanjani emlandweni womculo.