Umgogodla

I-SPINET (i-spinetta yesiNtaliyane, i-epinette yesiFulentshi, i-Spanish espineta, i-German Spinett, evela ku-Latin spina - iva, iva) iyinsimbi yomculo yasekhaya ehlutshwe ngentambo yekhibhodi yekhulu lama-XNUMX-XNUMX. Njengomthetho, kwakuyideskithophu futhi ingenayo imilenze yayo. Uhlobo lwecembalo (harpsichord).

Ngaphandle, i-spinet ifana nepiyano. Kuwumzimba omi phezu kwezinti ezine. Inomumo we-trapezoidal we-3-6-amalahle noma oval (ngokungafani ne-virginal engunxande).

Ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba ikhibhodi. Kunesembozo ngaphezulu, esiphakamisayo ongabona izintambo, izikhonkwane zokulungisa kanye nesiqu. Zonke lezi zingxenye zikuhhavini. Ukuphakama kwensimbi kungafinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, futhi ububanzi - akukho ngaphezu kwamamitha nesigamu.

Ukhiye ngamunye uhambisana neyunithi yezinhlamvu engu-1. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-harpsichord, izintambo ze-spinet zi-engeli kwesokudla sekhibhodi. I-spinet ine-1 manual, ububanzi buyi-2-4 octaves.

Imvelaphi yegama elithi “spinet” (elisuka “kumeva”) likhombisa ubungqayizivele besu lokukhiqiza umsindo – likhiqizwa ngokudonsa (“pinch”) intambo enomkhawulo ocijile wesiqu sezinsiba zenyoni. I-spinet yashunwa okwesihlanu noma i-octave ephakeme kune-vane enkulu.

Ama-spinets okuqala avela e-Italy futhi aqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-5. Phakathi kwazo, kunezinsimbi eziningi ze-6 noma i-1493-side shape shape (enekhibhodi ohlangothini olude kakhulu). Isifanekiso sokuqala esasinda senziwa ngu-A. Passy e-Modena (Italy), i-spinet yesibili, nayo engumsebenzi wase-Italy (XNUMX), igcinwa e-Cologne.

2 izinsimbi (1565 kanye 1593) kukhona State Central Museum of Musical Culture oqanjwe MI Glinka eMoscow.

E-Italy, ama-spinet anamaphiko nawo asungulwa uhlobo olwaludume kakhulu eNgilandi, lwasuswa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. i-rectangular virginal njengensimbi ejwayeleke kakhulu yokwenza umculo wasekhaya. Imizimba ye-spinet yenziwe nge-ebony, ehlotshiswe ngezinto ezibizayo - izinyo lendlovu, umama-we-pearl.

Izaga ezibalulekile zabekwa esivalweni esinamahenjisi: “Gloria in excelsis” (lat.) – “Inkazimulo ezulwini” noma “Haec fac ut felix vivis” (lat.) – “Yenza ukuze uphile ngenjabulo.” Umhlobiso ocebile wenza kube umhlobiso ofanayo wendlu njengefenisha enhle. Yayifakwa kukesi le-walnut, iboshelwe esivalweni ngezikulufo zethusi ezincanyana, futhi ibe nesitendi se-oki noma se-mahogany.

I-spinet yayihloselwe ukwenza umculo we-solo kanye negumbi lasekhaya. Ama-spinets amancane, ashunwe i-octave ephakeme kunombhalo womculo (i-Italian spinetti noma i-ottavina), ayevame ukwenziwa ngendlela yamabhokisi ezandla, izincwadi, njll., ahlotshiswe nge-gilding, ukubaza, kanye ne-inlay.

Enkantolo yaseRussia impilo in con. Ngekhulu le-17 kwakukhona ama-spinets abizwa ngokuthi "okhtavki". Njengamanje, i-spinet iyingcezu yomnyuziyamu kunensimbi yomculo, kodwa lokhu akuyona i-axiom. Muva nje, umuntu angasho ukwanda kwesithakazelo kumathuluzi asendulo. Yingakho i-spinet manje ibhekene nokuzalwa kabusha, okungangabazeki, okuzoba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu kumasiko omculo womhlaba.