Ukulele History

Umlando we-ukulele usuka eYurophu, lapho ngekhulu le-18 izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo zase zikhula isikhathi eside. Umsuka we-ukulele usukela esidingweni sabaculi ababehamba ngaleso sikhathi sokuba neziginci ezincane nezinsimbi. Ekuphenduleni lesi sidingo, i- cavaquinho , ukhokho we-ukulele, wavela ePortugal.

Indaba yamakhosi amane

Ngekhulu le-19, ngo-1879, abenzi befenisha abane abangamaPutukezi basuka eMadeira baya eHawaii, befuna ukuhwebelana khona. Kodwa ifenisha ebizayo ayizange ithole isidingo phakathi kwabantu abampofu baseHawaii. Abangane babe sebeshintshela ekwenzeni izinsimbi zomculo. Ikakhulukazi, bakhiqiza ama-cavaquinhos, anikezwa ukubukeka okusha negama "ukulele" eziQhingini zaseHawaii.

Yini enye ongayenza e-Hawaii ngaphandle kokudlala ukulele?

Izazi-mlando azinalo ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nokuthi yavela kanjani, nokuthi kungani kwavela uhlelo oluthile lwe-ukulele. Konke okwaziwayo isayensi ukuthi leli thuluzi ngokushesha lazuza uthando lwabantu baseHawaii.

Iziginci zaseHawaii bezisizungezile amakhulu eminyaka, kodwa imvelaphi yazo iyathakazelisa impela. Ama-ukulele ajwayele ukuhlotshaniswa namaHawaii, kodwa empeleni athuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1880s esetshenziswa esisetshenziswa esinezintambo sesiPutukezi. Cishe iminyaka eyi-100 ngemuva kokudalwa kwawo, ukuleles athole ukuduma e-US nakwamanye amazwe. Pho kwenzeka kanjani konke lokhu?

Umlando wokubukeka

Nakuba ukulele kuyinsimbi eyingqayizivele yaseHawaii, izimpande zayo zibuyela ePortugal, ensimbini enezintambo enyakazayo noma ye-kawakinho. I-cavaquinho iyinsimbi yomculo enezintambo encane kune-guitar eshunwa efana kakhulu neyunithi yezinhlamvu ezine zokuqala zesiginci. Ngo-1850, amasimu kashukela ayesenamandla amakhulu kwezomnotho eHawaii futhi edinga izisebenzi ezengeziwe. Amagagasi amaningi abokufika afika eziqhingini, kuhlanganise nenani elikhulu lamaPutukezi afika nama-cavaquinhas awo.

Inganekwane iveza ukuqala kokuhlanya kwabantu baseHawaii kwe-kawakinho ngo-August 23, 1879. Umkhumbi okuthiwa i-“Ravenscrag” wafika echwebeni lase-Honolulu futhi wehlisa abagibeli bawo ngemva kohambo olunzima olunqamula ulwandle. Omunye wabagibeli waqala ukucula izingoma zokubonga ngokugcina efikile lapho ayeya khona futhi wadlala umculo wesintu ku-cavaquinha. Indaba ithi abantu bendawo bathinteke kakhulu ngokusebenza kwakhe futhi baqamba ithuluzi elithi “Jumping Flea” (enye yezihumusho ezingaba khona ze-ukulele) ngendlela iminwe yakhe eyashesha ngayo ukuwela ibhodi. Noma kunjalo, inguqulo enjalo yokubukeka kwegama lokulele ayinabo ubufakazi obuthembekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akungabazeki ukuthi i-“Ravenscrag” nayo yaletha ama-woodworkers amathathu angamaPutukezi: u-Augusto Diaz, u-Manuel Nunez noJosé e-Espírito Santo, ngamunye wabo owaqala ukwenza amathuluzi ngemva kokukhokha ukuthutha ngenkathi esebenza emasimini kashukela. Ezandleni zabo, i-kawakinha, eshintshile ngosayizi nangesimo, yathola ukushuna okusha okunikeza ukulele umsindo oyingqayizivele nokudlaleka.

Ukusabalalisa ukulele

Ukuleles kwafika e-United States ngemva kokuthathwa kweziqhingi zaseHawaii. Inani eliphakeme lokuduma kwensimbi engajwayelekile evela ezweni elingaqondakali kubantu baseMelika lafika kuma-20s wekhulu le-XX.

Ngemva kokuphahlazeka kwemakethe yamasheya ngo-1929, udumo lwe-ukulele e-United States lwehla. Futhi yathathelwa indawo insimbi enomsindo kakhulu - i-banjolele.

Kodwa ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ingxenye yamasosha aseMelika yabuyela ekhaya ivela eHawaii. Omakadebona beza nezinto eziyisikhumbuzo ezingavamile - ukuleles. Ngakho-ke eMelika, intshisekelo kuleli thuluzi yaphinde yavutha.

Ngawo-1950, i-boom yangempela ekukhiqizeni izimpahla zepulasitiki yaqala e-United States. Ama-ukulele ezingane zepulasitiki avela enkampanini yakwaMaccaferri nawo avela, okwaba yisipho esidumile.

Isikhangiso esihle kakhulu sensimbi futhi kwaba ukuthi isihlabani sikamabonakude wangaleso sikhathi u-Arthur Godfrey wayedlala ukulele.

Ngeminyaka yama-60s nama-70s, i- popularizer yensimbi kwakunguTiny Tim, umculi, umqambi kanye nomgcini wezincwadi zomculo.

Bese, kuze kube ngama-2000s, umhlaba womculo we-pop wawubuswa yisiginci sikagesi. Futhi kuphela eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokungenisa okukhulu kwezinsimbi ezingabizi ezivela e-China, ukuleles aqale ukuthandwa futhi.

ukuthandwa of ukulele

Ukuduma kwe-ukulele yaseHawaii kwaqinisekiswa ukusekelwa nokusekelwa komndeni wasebukhosini. Inkosi yaseHawaii, iNkosi uDavid Kalakauna, yayithanda ukulele kangangokuba yayifaka emidansweni nasemculoni wendabuko waseHawaii. Yena nodadewabo, uLiliʻuokalani (ozoba indlovukazi ngemva kwakhe), bazoqhudelana emiqhudelwaneni yokubhala izingoma ukulele. Umndeni wasebukhosini wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi ukulele kuhlangene ngokuphelele nesiko lomculo nempilo yabantu baseHawaii.

Inkathi yamanje

Ukuduma kwe-ukulele ezwenikazi lehla ngemva kweminyaka yawo-1950s ngokuqala nokuntwela okwalandela kwenkathi ye-rock and roll. Lapho ngaphambi kokuba zonke izingane zifune ukudlala ukulele, manje zase zifuna ukuba iziginci ze-virtuoso. Kodwa ukudlala kalula nomsindo oyingqayizivele we-ukulele kuyisiza ukuba ibuyele esikhathini samanje futhi ibe enye yezinsimbi zomculo ezithandwa kakhulu entsheni!