Yuri Mazurok (Yuri Mazurok) |

Yuri Mazurok

Wazalwa ngo-July 18, 1931 edolobheni Krasnik, Lublin Voivodeship (Poland). Indodana - Mazurok Yuri Yuryevich (owazalwa ngo-1965), umdlali wopiyano.

Ubuntwana bomculi wesikhathi esizayo wadlula e-Ukraine, osekuyisikhathi eside idume ngamazwi ayo amahle. U-Yuri waqala ukucula, njengoba abaningi behlabelela, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngomsebenzi womculi. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, wangena Lviv Polytechnic Institute.

Eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda, u-Yuri waba nesithakazelo esikhulu emdlalweni weshashalazi womculo - hhayi nje njengesibukeli, kodwa futhi njengomdlali we-amateur, lapho amakhono akhe avelele ezwi aqala ukuvezwa khona. Ngokushesha uMazurok waba "uNdunankulu" owaziwayo we-opera studio yesikhungo, lapho enza khona izingxenye ze-Eugene Onegin ne-Germont.

Akubona kuphela othisha be-studio ye-amateur ababenake ithalente lale nsizwa. Wezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe iseluleko sokuhlanganyela ngokomsebenzi emazwini avela kwabaningi futhi, ikakhulukazi, avela kumuntu onegunya kakhulu edolobheni, umculi we-Lviv Opera House, Umculi Wabantu we-USSR P. Karmalyuk. U-Yuri wangabaza isikhathi eside, ngoba wayesezibonakalise njengonjiniyela we-petroleum (ngo-1955 waphothula esikoleni futhi wangena esikoleni esiphakeme). Icala lanquma icala. Ngo-1960, ngenkathi esohambweni lwebhizinisi eMoscow, uMazurok wazifaka engozini "yokuzama inhlanhla yakhe": weza ku-audition e-Conservatory. Kodwa kwakungeyona nje ingozi: walethwa endaweni yokugcinwa kwemvelo ngothando lobuciko, umculo, ukucula ...

Kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala zobuciko bezobuchwepheshe, u-Yuri Mazurok waba nenhlanhla kakhulu nothisha wakhe. UProfesa SI Migai, esikhathini esidlule omunye wama-baritones adumile, owadlala nezinkanyiso zesiteji se-opera yaseRussia - F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova - okokuqala eMariinsky, bese iminyaka eminingi - eBolshoi. Ithiyetha. Umuntu okhuthele, ozwelayo, ojabule kakhulu, uSergei Ivanovich wayengenasihawu ekwahluleleni kwakhe, kodwa uma ehlangana namathalenta eqiniso, wayebaphatha ngokunakekelwa okungavamile nokunaka. Ngemva kokulalela uYuri, wathi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi ungunjiniyela onekhono. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ungakwazi ukuyeka i-chemistry namafutha okwamanje. Thatha amazwi." Kusukela ngalolo suku kuqhubeke, umbono we-SI Blinking wanquma indlela kaYuri Mazurok.

U-SI Migai wamyisa ekilasini lakhe, eqaphela kuye umlandeli ofanelekayo wabaculi be-opera abahamba phambili. Ukufa kwavimbela uSergei Ivanovich ukuba alethe umfundi wakhe ediploma, futhi abeluleki bakhe abalandelayo - kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-Conservatory, uProfesa A. Dolivo, nasesikoleni esiphakeme - uProfesa AS Sveshnikov.

Ekuqaleni, u-Yuri Mazurok waba nesikhathi esinzima e-conservatory. Yiqiniso, wayesekhulile futhi enolwazi oluningi kunabanye abafundi, kodwa ngokomsebenzi olungiselelwe kancane kakhulu: wayentula izisekelo zolwazi lomculo, isisekelo sethiyori esatholwa, njengabanye, esikoleni somculo, ekolishi.

Imvelo yanikezwa u-Yu. I-Mazurok ene-baritone enobuhle obuyingqayizivele be-timbre, ububanzi obukhulu, ngisho nakuwo wonke amarejista. Imidlalo ye-opera eyimfundamakhwela yamsiza ukuba athole umuzwa wesiteji, ahlanganise amakhono okusebenza, nomuzwa wokuxhumana nezithameli. Kodwa isikole adlule kuso emakilasini e-Conservatory, isimo sakhe sengqondo emsebenzini womculi we-opera, ngokucophelela, umsebenzi onzima, ukugcwaliseka kokunaka kwazo zonke izidingo zothisha kwanquma indlela yakhe yokuthuthukisa, ukunqoba ukuphakama okunzima kwekhono.

Futhi lapha umlingisi othintekayo - ukubekezela, ukukhuthala futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, uthando oluvuthayo lokucula nomculo.

Akumangazi ukuthi ngemva kwesikhashana baqala ukukhuluma ngaye njengegama elisha elivela emkhathini we-opera. Phakathi neminyaka engu-3 kuphela, uMazurok wathola imiklomelo emiqhudelwaneni yezwi e-3 enzima kakhulu: ngenkathi esengumfundi, ePrague Spring ngo-1960 - owesibili; ngonyaka olandelayo (owasevele “esikhungweni” sokuthweswa iziqu) emqhudelwaneni oqanjwe ngoGeorge Enescu eBucharest - owesithathu futhi, ekugcineni, emqhudelwaneni we-II All-Union oqanjwe ngo-MI Glinka ngo-1962, wahlanganyela indawo yesibili no-V. Atlantov. kanye no-M. Reshetin. Umbono wothisha, abagxeki bomculo, namalungu ejaji, njengomthetho, wawufana: ukuthamba nokunotha kwe-timbre, ukuqina nobuhle obungavamile bezwi lakhe - i-baritone ye-lyrical, i-cantilena yokuzalwa - kwaphawulwa ikakhulukazi.

Eminyakeni ye-Conservatory, umculi waxazulula imisebenzi eminingi yesiteji eyinkimbinkimbi. Amaqhawe akhe kwakunguFigaro okhaliphile, ohlakaniphile kuRossini ethi The Barber of Seville kanye nesithandwa esishisekayo uFerdinando (Prokofiev's Duenna), umculi ompofu uMarcel (La bohème kaPuccini) kanye no-Eugene Onegin kaTchaikovsky - ukuqala komlando wobuciko kaYuri Mazurok.

"U-Eugene Onegin" wadlala indima emangalisayo empilweni yomculi kanye nokwakhiwa kobuntu bakhe bokudala. Ngokokuqala ngqa wabonakala esiteji engxenyeni yesihloko yale opera enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini; wabe esewenza ku-studio ye-Conservatory futhi, ekugcineni, esiteji se-Bolshoi Theatre (Mazurok wamukelwa eqenjini labaqeqeshwayo ngo-1963). Le ngxenye yabe isidlalwa ngempumelelo nguye ezitejini zezingoma ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke - eLondon, eMilan, eToulouse, eNew York, eTokyo, eParis, eWarsaw ... umculo, ukubaluleka kwebinzana ngalinye, isiqephu ngasinye.

Futhi i-Onegin ehluke ngokuphelele e-Mazurok - ekusebenzeni kwe-Bolshoi Theatre. Lapha umdwebi unquma isithombe ngendlela ehlukile, efinyelela ekujuleni kwengqondo okungavamile, eveza idrama yesizungu esibhubhisa ubuntu bomuntu. I-Onegin Yakhe iwubuntu basemhlabeni, be-prosaic, onobuntu obuguqukayo futhi obuphikisanayo. UMazurok udlulisela yonke inkimbinkimbi yokushayisana okungokomoya kweqhawe lakhe ngokunembile nangokumangazayo ngokweqiniso, akukho ndawo ewela ku-melodramatism nasezindleleni ezingamanga.

Ngemva kwendima ka-Onegin, umculi waphumelela enye isivivinyo esibucayi nesinomthwalo wemfanelo e-Bolshoi Theatre, edlala indima ka-Prince Andrei e-Prokofiev's War and Peace. Ngaphezu kobunzima bawo wonke amaphuzu usuwonke, inkimbinkimbi yokusebenza, lapho inqwaba yabalingiswa idlala ngakho-ke kudingeka ubuciko obukhethekile bokuxhumana nozakwethu, lesi sithombe ngokwaso sinzima kakhulu ngokomculo, amazwi kanye nesiteji. . Ukucaca kokukhulelwa komdlali, umyalo wamahhala wezwi, ukucebile kwemibala yezwi kanye nomuzwa ongapheli wesiteji kwasiza umculi ukuba adwebe isithombe esifana nempilo yengqondo yeqhawe likaTolstoy noProkofiev.

U-Y. Mazurok udlale indima ka-Andrei Bolkonsky emdlalweni wokuqala we-War and Peace ohambweni lwe-Bolshoi Theatre e-Italy. Amaphephandaba amaningi angaphandle abonga ubuciko bakhe futhi amnika, kanye nomculi wengxenye kaNatasha Rostova - uTamara Milashkina, indawo ehamba phambili.

Enye yezindima "zomqhele" yomculi kwakuwumfanekiso kaFigaro ku "The Barber of Seville" kaRossini. Le ndima yenziwa nguye kalula, enobuhlakani, ngokukhalipha nangomusa. I-cavatina ethandwayo ye-Figaro izwakale ishisa ekusebenzeni kwakhe. Kodwa ngokungafani nabaculi abaningi, abavame ukuyiguqula ibe inombolo yezwi egqamile ebonisa indlela ye-virtuoso, i-cavatina ka-Mazurok yembula umlingiswa weqhawe - isimo sakhe sokushisekela, ukuzimisela, amandla abukhali okubuka kanye namahlaya.

Ibanga lokuqamba le-Yu.A. I-mazurok ibanzi kakhulu. Phakathi neminyaka yokusebenza eqenjini le-Bolshoi Theatre, u-Yuri Antonovich wenza cishe zonke izingxenye ze-baritone (zombili izingoma nezimangalisayo!) ezazise-repertoire yaseshashalazini. Eziningi zazo zisebenza njengesibonelo sobuciko bokusebenza futhi zingabalelwa ezimpumelelweni ezinhle kakhulu zesikole se-opera sikazwelonke.

Ngaphezu kwemidlalo eshiwo ngenhla, amaqhawe akhe kwakunguYeletsky ku-Tchaikovsky ethi The Queen of Spades, ngothando lwakhe oluphakeme; I-Germont e-Verdi's La Traviata iyi-aristocrat ehloniphekile, kodwa, udumo nesithunzi somndeni ngaphezu kwakho konke; the vainglorious, ezikhukhumezayo Count di Luna in Verdi sika Il trovatore; ibheja elinenkani uDemetrius, ozithola ekuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimo zamahlaya (“Iphupho Lobusuku BaseMidsummer” kaBritten); ethanda izwe lakhe futhi ekhuluma ngokuthakazelisayo ngezilingo zesimangaliso semvelo eVenice, isivakashi saseVedenets eSadko kaRimsky-Korsakov; i-Marquis di Posa - isikhulu saseSpain esiziqhenyayo, esinesibindi, ngokungesabi enikela ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa yobulungiswa, ngenxa yenkululeko yabantu ("Don Carlos" nguVerdi) kanye ne-antipode yakhe - isikhulu samaphoyisa u-Scarpia ("Tosca" nguPuccini); umlweli wezinkunzi okhazimulayo u-Escamillo (uCarmen ka-Bizet) kanye netilosi u-Ilyusha, ibhungu elilula elenza uguquko (ngo-October ngo-Muradeli); uTsarev osemusha, ongenandaba, ongesabi (uSemyon Kotko kaProkofiev) kanye nomabhalane we-duma u-Shchelkalov (uBoris Godunov kaMussorgsky). Uhlu lwezindima u-Yu.A. I-mazurok iqhutshekwe ngu-Albert (“Werther” Massenet), u-Valentin (“Faust” kaGounod), uGuglielmo (“Bonke Abesifazane Bayakwenza” nguMozart), uRenato (“Un ballo in maschera” kaVerdi), uSilvio (“Pagliacci ” nguLeoncavallo), Mazepa (“ Mazepa by Tchaikovsky), Rigoletto (Verdi’s Rigoletto), Enrico Aston (Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammermoor), Amonasro (Verdi’s Aida).

Iqembu ngalinye kulawa, okuhlanganisa ngisho nendima yesiqephu esifushane, imakwa ngokuphelela kobuciko bomqondo, ukucabangela kanye nokucwengwa kwayo yonke istroke, yonke imininingwane, ihlaba umxhwele ngamandla angokomzwelo, ukugcwala kokubulawa. Umculi akalokothi ahlukanise ingxenye ye-opera ibe izinombolo ezihlukene, ama-arias, ama-ensembles, kodwa ufinyelela ibanga ukusuka ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni komugqa ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesithombe, ngaleyo ndlela esiza ekwakheni umuzwa wobuqotho, ukuphelela okunengqondo kwesithombe sesithombe. iqhawe, isidingo sazo zonke izenzo zakhe, izenzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyiqhawe le-opera noma i-miniature emfushane yezwi.

Ubuchwepheshe bakhe obuphakeme kakhulu, umyalo ohlakaniphile wezwi kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala esiteji awuzange waziswa kuphela ngabathandi bobuciko be-opera, kodwa futhi nabaculi abakanye nabo. U-Irina Konstantinovna Arkhipovna wake wabhala: “Bengilokhu ngibheka u-Y. Mazurok njengomculi okhaliphile, ukudlala kwakhe kuba umhlobiso wanoma yikuphi ukudlala, kunoma yisiphi isiteji se-opera esidume kakhulu emhlabeni. U-Onegin wakhe, u-Yeletsky, u-Prince Andrei, isivakashi se-Vedenets, i-Germont, i-Figaro, i-di Posa, i-Demetrius, i-Tsarev nezinye izithombe eziningi ziphawulwe ngokuziphatha okuhle kwangaphakathi, okuvezwa ngaphandle ngokuzithiba, okungokwemvelo kuye, ngoba yonke inkimbinkimbi yemizwa, imicabango kanye nomculi uveza izenzo zamaqhawe akhe ngamazwi. Ezwini lomculi, ukunwebeka njengentambo, ngomsindo omuhle, kukho konke ukuma kwakhe sekuvele kukhona ukuhlonishwa, udumo kanye nezinye izimfanelo eziningi zamaqhawe akhe e-opera - ukubala, izikhulu, ama-knights. Lokhu kuchaza ubuntu bakhe bokudala.”

Umsebenzi wokudala we-Yu.A. UMazurok akagcini nje ngokusebenza eBolshoi Theatre. Wenza ezenzweni zezinye izindlu ze-opera zezwe, wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni izinkampani ze-opera zangaphandle. Ngo-1975, umculi wadlala indima kaRenato ku-Verdi's Un ballo e-maschera e-Covent Garden. Ngesizini ka-1978/1979, waqala ukudlala kuMetropolitan Opera njengoGermont, lapho aphinde wenza khona ingxenye yeScarpia kuTosca kaPuccini ngo-1993. I-Scarpia Mazuroka ihluke ngezindlela eziningi ekuchazeni okujwayelekile kwalesi sithombe: ngokuvamile abaculi bagcizelela ukuthi umphathi wamaphoyisa ungumashiqela ongenamphefumulo, onenkani, nondlovukayiphikiswa. Yu.A. UMazurok, naye uhlakaniphile, futhi unamandla amakhulu, okumvumela ukuba afihle uthando, inkohliso ngaphansi kokuqamba ukuzala okuhle, ukucindezela imizwa ngesizathu.

U-Yuri Mazurok wavakashela izwe nakwamanye amazwe ngamakhonsathi eyedwa futhi ngempumelelo. I-repertoire ebanzi yegumbi lomculi ihlanganisa izingoma nezothando zababhali baseRussia nabaseNtshonalanga Yurophu - uTchaikovsky, uRachmaninov, uRimsky-Korsakov, uSchubert, uSchumann, uGrieg, uMahler, uRavel, imijikelezo yezingoma nezothando zikaShaporin, uKhrennikov, uKabalevsky, izingoma zomdabu zase-Ukraine. Inombolo ngayinye yohlelo lwakhe iyisigcawu esiphelele, umdwebo, isithombe, isimo, umlingiswa, isimo sengqondo seqhawe. “Ucula ngendlela emangalisayo … kukho kokubili emidlalweni ye-opera nasemakhonsathini, lapho isipho esiyivelakancane simsiza khona: umuzwa wesitayela. Uma ecula i-Monteverdi noma i-Mascagni, khona-ke lo mculo uyohlale ungowokuNtaliyane ngesi-Mazurok … E-Tchaikovsky nase-Rachmaninov kuyohlale kuphila “umgomo wase-Russian” ongabalekeleki futhi ophakeme… ku-Schubert no-Schumann yonke into izonqunywa uthando olumsulwa… yembula ubuhlakani beqiniso nobuhlakani bomculi ” (IK Arkhipova).

Umqondo wesitayela, ukuqonda okucashile kwemvelo yombhalo womculo womunye noma omunye umbhali - lezi zimfanelo zabonakala emsebenzini ka-Yuri Mazurok kakade ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe wokusebenza. Ubufakazi obucacile balokhu ukunqoba emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe wokuphimisela eMontreal ngo-1967. Umncintiswano owawuseMontreal wawunzima kakhulu: lolu hlelo lwaluhlanganisa nemisebenzi evela ezikoleni ezihlukahlukene - kusukela eBach kuya eHindemith. Ukuqanjwa okunzima kakhulu komqambi waseCanada u-Harry Sommers "Cayas" (okuhunyushwe kusuka e-Indian - "Kudala"), ngokusekelwe emiculweni eyiqiniso nemibhalo yamaNdiya aseCanada, kwahlongozwa njengempoqo kubo bonke abaqhudelana. UMazurok wabe esebhekana kahle nakho kokubili ubunzima bephimbo kanye ne-lexical, okwamenza wathola isidlaliso esihloniphekile nesihlekisayo esivela emphakathini. Uhlonishwe yijaji njengomdlali ovelele kwabangu-37 abamele amazwe angu-17 omhlaba.

Yu.A. UMazurok - Umculi Wabantu we-USSR (1976) kanye ne-RSFSR (1972), Umculi Ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR (1968). Wanikezwa ama-Orders amabili e-Red Banner of Labor. Ngo-1996, waklonyeliswa "Firebird" - indondo ephakeme kakhulu ye-International Union of Musical Figures.