I-Antal Doráti (Antal Doráti) |

Doráti Antal

Kukhona abaqhubi abambalwa abanamarekhodi amaningi njengo-Antalu Dorati. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amafemu aseMelika amnike irekhodi legolide - amadiski ayisigidi nesigamu athengisiwe; futhi ngemva konyaka kwadingeka banikeze umqhubi omunye umklomelo onjalo okwesibili. “Mhlawumbe irekhodi lomhlaba!” kubabaza omunye wabagxekayo. Ukushuba komsebenzi wobuciko kaDorati bukhulu kakhulu. Cishe ayikho i-orchestra enkulu eYurophu abengeke acule ngayo minyaka yonke; umbhidisi unikeza inqwaba yamakhonsathi ngonyaka, engakwazi nhlobo ukundiza esuka kwelinye izwe eya kwelinye ngendiza. Futhi ehlobo – imikhosi: Venice, Montreux, Lucerne, Florence … Isikhathi esisele siqopha kumarekhodi. Futhi ekugcineni, ngezikhathi ezimfushane, lapho umculi engekho ku-console, uyakwazi ukuqamba umculo: eminyakeni yamuva nje ubhale ama-cantatas, i-cello concerto, i-symphony nama-ensembles amaningi ekamelo.

Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi usitholaphi isikhathi sakho konke lokhu, uDorathy uyaphendula: “Kulula kakhulu. Ngivuka nsuku zonke ngehora lesi-7 ekuseni futhi ngisebenze kusukela ngehora lesikhombisa kuya kwelesishiyagalolunye. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nakusihlwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngifundiswe ngiseyingane ukugxilisa ingqondo emsebenzini. Ekhaya, eBudapest, bekulokhu kunje: kwelinye igumbi, ubaba wayefundisa i-violin, kwelinye, umama wayedlala upiyano.

UDorati ungumHungary ngobuzwe. UBartok noKodai babevame ukuvakashela ikhaya labazali bakhe. UDorati wanquma esemncane ukuba umqhubi. Kakade lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nane, wahlela i-orchestra yomfundi endaweni yakhe yokuzivocavoca, futhi eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ngesikhathi esisodwa wathola isitifiketi se-gymnasium kanye nediploma evela e-Academy of Music in upiyano (kusuka ku-E. Donany) kanye nokuqanjwa (kusuka ku-L. Weiner). Wamukelwa njengomsizi womqhubi we-opera. Ukusondela embuthanweni wabaculi abathuthukayo kwasiza uDorati ukuba ahlale enolwazi lwakamuva ngawo wonke umculo wakamuva, futhi ukusebenza ku-opera kwaba nesandla ekutholeni ulwazi oludingekayo.

Ngo-1928, uDorati ushiya iBudapest futhi uya phesheya. Usebenza njengomqhubi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMunich naseDresden, enikeza amakhonsathi. Isifiso sokuhamba samholela e-Monte Carlo, esikhundleni sokuba umqhubi omkhulu we-Russian Ballet - owalandela iqembu le-Diaghilev. Iminyaka eminingi - kusukela ngo-1934 kuya ku-1940 - uDorati wavakashela i-Monte Carlo Ballet eYurophu naseMelika. Izinhlangano zamakhonsathi zaseMelika zadonsela ukunaka kombhidisi: ngo-1937 waqala ukudlala neNational Symphony Orchestra eWashington, ngo-1945 wamenywa njengombhidisi omkhulu eDallas, kwathi eminyakeni emine kamuva wathatha isikhundla sikaMitropoulos njengenhloko ye-orchestra eMinneapolis, lapho ahlala khona iminyaka eyishumi nambili.

Le minyaka iyona ebaluleke kakhulu ku-biography yomqhubi; kukho konke ukukhalipha kwayo, amakhono akhe njengomfundisi nomhleli abonakaliswa. UMitropoulos, njengoba engumculi okhaliphile, wayengawuthandi umsebenzi onzima ne-orchestra futhi washiya iqembu lisesimweni esibi. Ngokushesha u-Dorati wayikhuphula yafinyelela ezingeni lama-orchestra aseMelika angcono kakhulu, adume ngesiyalo sawo, ukulingana komsindo nokuhambisana kweqoqo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, uDorathy usebenze kakhulu eNgilandi, lapho enza khona izinkambo zakhe eziningi zamakhonsathi. Imidlalo yakhe yaphumelela kakhulu “ezweni lakubo, “Umqhubi onekhono kumelwe abe nezimfanelo ezimbili,” kusho uDorati, “eyokuqala, uhlobo lomculo oluhlanzekile: kumelwe aqonde futhi ezwe umculo. Lokhu kuhamba ngaphandle kokusho. Okwesibili kubonakala sengathi akuhlangene nomculo: umqhubi kufanele akwazi ukunikeza imiyalo. Kodwa kubuciko bokuthi "ukuhleleka" kusho into ehluke kakhulu, ukusho, ebuthweni. Ezobuciko, awukwazi ukunikeza ama-oda ngoba nje usezingeni eliphezulu: abaculi kumele bafune ukudlala ngendlela umbhidisi abatshela ngayo.

Umculo nokucaca kwemibono yakhe okuheha uDorati. Ukusebenza isikhathi eside ne-ballet kwamfundisa isiyalo esinesigqi. Ikakhulukazi udlulisela ngobuqili umculo we-ballet omibalabala. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa, ikakhulukazi, ngokurekhoda kwakhe kwe-Stravinsky's The Firebird, i-Borodin's Polovtsian Dances, i-suite evela ku-Delibes' Coppélia, kanye ne-waltze yakhe ka-J. Strauss.

Ubuholi obuqhubekayo be-orchestra enkulu ye-symphony yasiza u-Dorati ukuba angakhawuleli ingoma yakhe emisebenzini eyishumi nanhlanu ye-classical neyesimanje, kodwa ukuyikhulisa njalo. Lokhu kufakazelwa wuhlu oluyimfihlo lwamanye arekhodiwe akhe ajwayeleke kakhulu. Lapha sithola ama-symphonies amaningi ka-Beethoven, eka-Tchaikovsky yesine neyesithupha, eka-Dvorak's Fifth, i-Scheherazade ka-Rimsky-Korsakov, i-The Bluebeard's Castle ka-Bartók, i-Hungarian Rhapsodies ka-Liszt kanye ne-Enescu's Romanian, i-Word Berg ka-Bercept, i-Word Berg ka-Bertók kanye ne-Bertók's Rhapsodies. “UmMelika EParis” kaGershwin, amakhonsathi amaningi anezinsimbi lapho uDorati enza khona njengozakwethu ocashile nolinganayo wabadlali abacula yedwa abafana noG. Shering, B. Jainis, nabanye abaculi abadumile.

"Contemporary Conductor", M. 1969.