Vasily Sergeevich Kalinnikov |

Vasily Kalinnikov

… Ngishaywe wubuhle bento ethile engiyithandayo, engijwayele… A. Chekhov. "Indlu ene-mezzanine"

V. Kalinnikov, umqambi waseRussia onethalente, waphila futhi wasebenza kuma-80s kanye nama-90s. Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX Kwakuyisikhathi sokukhuphuka okuphezulu kakhulu kwesiko laseRussia, lapho uP. Tchaikovsky edala ubuciko bakhe bokugcina, ama-opera ka-N. Rimsky-Korsakov, asebenza ngo-A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov avela ngokulandelana, ekuqaleni. izingoma zika-S. Rachmaninov zivele emkhathizwe womculo, A. Scriabin. Izincwadi zesiRashiya ngaleso sikhathi zazikhanya ngamagama anjengoL. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, A. Kuprin, L. Andreev, V. Veresaev, M. Gorky, A. Blok, K. Balmont, S. Nadson ... Futhi kulo mfula onamandla kwazwakala izwi elinesizotha, kodwa elimangalisayo elinkondlo nelihlanzekile lomculo kaKalinnikov, owathandana ngokushesha nabaculi kanye nezilaleli, ethonywe ubuqotho, ububele, ubuhle obungenakugwemeka bomculo waseRussia. B. Asafiev wabiza uKalinnikov ngokuthi "Ring Ring of Russian Music".

Umqambi lo, owashona esanda kuqala amandla akhe okudala, wehlelwa isiphetho esidabukisayo. “Sekuphele unyaka wesithupha ngidonsa kanzima ngokudla, kodwa uyangihlula futhi kancane kancane uyathatha. Futhi konke kuyiphutha lemali elahliwe! Futhi kwenzeka kimi ukuba ngigule ngenxa yalezo zimo ezingenakwenzeka okwakumelwe ngiphile futhi ngifunde kuzo.

U-Kalinnikov wazalelwa emndenini ompofu, omkhulu womsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo, izithakazelo zawo zazihluke kakhulu ku-mores wesifundazwe. Esikhundleni samakhadi, ukudakwa, inhlebo - umsebenzi onempilo wansuku zonke nomculo. Ukucula kwamakhwaya e-Amateur, ingoma yomlando wesifundazwe sase-Oryol kwakungamanyuvesi okuqala omculo womqambi wesikhathi esizayo, kanye nemvelo ekhangayo yesifunda sase-Oryol, esaculwa ngokusankondlo ngu-I. Turgenev, wondla umcabango womfana kanye nemicabango yobuciko. Lapho esemncane, izifundo zomculo zikaVasily zaziqondiswa udokotela we-zemstvo A. Evlanov, owamfundisa izisekelo zolwazi lomculo futhi wamfundisa ukudlala i-violin.

Ngo-1884, uKalinnikov wangena eMoscow Conservatory, kodwa ngemva konyaka, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali yokukhokhela izifundo zakhe, wathuthela eSikoleni Somculo Nesedrama sePhilharmonic Society, lapho ayengakwazi khona ukufunda mahhala ekilasini lensimbi yomoya. U-Kalinnikov wakhetha i-bassoon, kodwa wanaka kakhulu izifundo zokuvumelana ezifundiswa ngu-S. Kruglikov, umculi owenza izinto ezihlukahlukene. Wabuye waya ezifundweni zomlando e-Moscow University, wenza ophoqelekile opera amakhonsathi namakhonsathi philharmonic abafundi besikole. Kwadingeka ngicabange nokwenza imali. Ngomzamo wokunciphisa isimo sezezimali somndeni, uKalinnikov wenqaba usizo lwezezimali oluvela ekhaya, futhi ukuze angabulawa yindlala, wathola imali ngokukopisha amanothi, izifundo zepenny, ukudlala kuma-orchestra. Yebo, wakhathala, futhi izincwadi zikayise kuphela ezazimsekela ngokuziphatha. “Zicwilise emhlabeni wesayensi yomculo,” sifunda kwelinye lawo, “sebenza …

Ukushona kukayise ngo-1888 kwaba igalelo elinzima Kalinnikov. Imisebenzi yokuqala - i-3 romances - yaphuma ngo-1887. Omunye wabo, "Endundumeni endala" (esiteshini se-I. Nikitin), ngokushesha wathandwa. Ngo-1889, i-symphonic debuts ezimbili zenzeke: kwelinye lamakhonsathi aseMoscow, umsebenzi wokuqala we-orchestra kaKalinnikov wenziwa ngempumelelo - umdwebo we-symphonic "Nymphs" osekelwe esakhiweni se-Turgenev "Izinkondlo ze-Prose", kanye nesenzo sendabuko ku-Philharmonic. Isikole wayeqhuba iScherzo yakhe. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, umculo we-orchestra uthola isithakazelo esikhulu kumqambi. Ekhuliswe ngengoma namasiko ekwaya, engakaze ezwe insimbi eyodwa kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka engu-2, uKalinnikov uya ngokuya ekhangwa umculo we-symphonic eminyakeni edlule. Wayekholelwa ukuthi “umculo . . . empeleni uwulimi lwemizwa, okungukuthi, lezo zimo zomphefumulo wethu cishe ezingenakuchazwa ngamagama nezingenakuchazwa ngendlela ethile.” Imisebenzi ye-orchestra ivela ngokulandelana: i-Suite (12), eyazuza imvume kaTchaikovsky; 1889 ama-symphonies (2, 1895), umdwebo we-symphonic "Cedar and Palm Tree" (1897), izinombolo ze-orchestra zenhlekelele ka-AK Tolstoy "Tsar Boris" (1898). Kodwa-ke, umqambi uphinde aphendukele kwezinye izinhlobo - ubhala ezothando, amakwaya, izingcezu zepiyano, futhi phakathi kwazo "Ingoma Edabukisayo" ethandwa yibo bonke. Uthatha ukwakheka kwe-opera ethi "Ngo-1898", eyathunywa ngu-S. Mamontov, futhi uqedela isandulela sayo.

Umqambi ungena enkathini yokuqhakaza okuphezulu kakhulu kwamandla akhe okudala, kodwa kungalesi sikhathi lapho isifo sofuba esavulwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule siqala ukuqhubeka. U-Kalinnikov umelana ngokuqinile nesifo esimshwabadelayo, ukukhula kwamandla omoya kuhambisana ngokuqondile nokufiphala kwamandla enyama. "Lalela umculo kaKalinnikov. Luphi uphawu kulo lokuthi le misindo esankondlo ethululelwa ekwazini okuphelele komuntu ofayo? Phela awukho umkhondo wokububula nokugula. Lona umculo onempilo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni, umculo oqotho, ojabulisayo ... "ubhale umhlaziyi womculo kanye nomngane kaKalinnikov Kruglikov. "Sunny soul" - yile ndlela abantu ababephila ngesikhathi bakhuluma ngayo ngomqambi. Umculo wakhe we-harmonic, olinganiselayo ubonakala ukhipha ukukhanya okuthambile okufudumele.

Okuphawuleka kakhulu i-First Symphony, evusa amakhasi aphefumulelwe e-Chekhov's lyrical-landscape prose, ukuhlwithwa kukaTurgenev ngokuphila, imvelo, nobuhle. Ngobunzima obukhulu, ngosizo lwabangane, uKalinnikov wakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kwe-symphony, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuzwakala okokuqala ekhonsathini yegatsha laseKyiv le-RMS ngo-March 1897, udwendwe lwalo lokunqoba emadolobheni. kwaqala eRussia naseYurophu. "Vasily Sergeevich othandekayo!" - Umqhubi u-A. Vinogradsky ubhalela uKalinnikov ngemva kokusebenza kwe-symphony eVienna. “I-symphony yakho iphinde yanqoba ngamalengiso izolo. Ngempela, lolu uhlobo oluthile lwe-symphony yokunqoba. Nomaphi lapho ngidlala khona, wonke umuntu uyayithanda. Okubaluleke kakhulu, abaculi kanye nesixuku. " Impumelelo ebabazekayo iphinde yehlela ku-Second Symphony, umsebenzi ogqamile, oqinisekisa impilo, obhalwe kabanzi, ngezinga elikhulu.

Ngo-Okthoba 1900, ezinyangeni ezi-4 ngaphambi kokufa komqambi, amaphuzu kanye ne-clavier ye-First Symphony yanyatheliswa yindlu yokushicilela kaJurgenson, okuletha injabulo enkulu kumqambi. Umshicileli, nokho, akazange amkhokhele umlobi lutho. Imali ayitholayo yayiwumgunyathi wabangane okwathi, kanye noRachmaninov, baqoqa inani elidingekayo ngokubhalisa. Ngokuvamile, eminyakeni embalwa edlule uKalinnikov wayephoqeleke ukuba abe khona kuphela ngeminikelo yezihlobo zakhe, okwakunzima kuye, ngokucophelela kakhulu ezindabeni zemali. Kodwa injabulo yokudala, ukholo ekuphileni, uthando lwabantu ngandlela-thile lwamphakamisa ngaphezu kwe-prose ebuthuntu yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Umuntu onesizotha, ophikelelayo, onomusa, umshayi womculo kanye nembongi ngokwemvelo - lena yindlela angena ngayo emlandweni wesiko lethu lomculo.

O. Averyanova