I-Baritone: incazelo yensimbi, ukuthi ibukeka kanjani, ukwakheka, umlando

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, izinsimbi zezintambo ezigobile zazidume kakhulu eYurophu. Lokhu kwakuwukuchuma kwe-viola. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ukunaka komphakathi womculo kwakhangwa yi-baritone, ilungu lomndeni wezintambo, okhumbuza i-cello. Igama lesibili laleli thuluzi yi-viola di Bordone. Umnikelo ekudumeni kwayo wenziwa inkosana yaseHungary u-Esterhazy. Umtapo wolwazi womculo ugcwaliswe ngendalo ehlukile ebhalelwe leli thuluzi nguHaydn.

Incazelo yethuluzi

Ngaphandle, i-baritone ibukeka njenge-cello. Inomumo ofanayo, intamo, izintambo, ibekwe ngesikhathi sokuDlala ngokugcizelela phansi phakathi kwemilenze yomculi. Umehluko omkhulu ukuba khona kwezintambo ezizwelayo. Zitholakala ngaphansi kwentamo, ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa umsindo wabaphambili. Umsindo ukhiqizwa ngomnsalo. Ngenxa yokuhlelwa okuqondile, indlela yokudlala ilinganiselwe. Izintambo ezizwelayo zijatshuliswa isithupha sesandla sokudla.

I-baritone yedivayisi

Insimbi yomculo inesakhiwo esifanayo ne-viola. Umzimba omise okweqanda onebhokisi elivulekile lokukhipha umsindo “unokhalo” lokukhipha umnsalo. Inombolo yezintambo eziyinhloko ngu-7, kancane kancane kusetshenziswa u-6. Inani lezintambo ezizwelayo lihluka kusuka ku-9 kuya ku-24. Imigodi ye-resonator ihlelwe ngendlela yenyoka. Intamo nekhanda kubanzi kunezinsimbi ezihlobene. Lokhu kungenxa yenani elikhulu lezintambo, ngenxa yokungezwani lapho imigqa emibili yama-valve inesibopho.

I-timbre ye-baritone inamanzi, efana nencazelo yezwi. Ezincwadini zomculo, kuphawulwe ku-bass clef. Ububanzi bubanzi ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezintambo. Yayivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-orchestra, emisebenzini kaHaydn yayivame ukuba nendima eyedwa enesigqi esishintshayo sisuka ngokushesha siye kancane. I-orchestra yayihlanganisa nabanye abameleli bomndeni okhotheme - i-cello ne-viola.

Umlando

I-baritone yaduma ikakhulukazi maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Yakhuthazwa yinkosana yaseHungary u-Esterhazy. Enkantolo ngalesi sikhathi, uJoseph Haydn wakhonza njengebhendi nomqambi. Ubhalele abaculi basezinkantolo imidlalo yeshashalazi. Ubukhosi obubusayo banaka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko, umculo wawuzwakala esigodlweni nasezindaweni zepaki, imidwebo yaboniswa emahholo.

Lapho kuvela insimbi entsha ye-baritone, u-Esterhazy wayefuna ukumangaza umhlaba ngezingcezu ezinhle namakhono okudlala. Umqambi wenkantolo ukwazile ukwenza inani lemisebenzi yobuciko lapho i-baritone ihlangana ngokumangazayo ne-cello ne-viola, iqhathanise umsindo wezintambo ezihlutshiwe nezintambo zomnsalo.

Kodwa akazange athathe isikhathi eside ukunaka abaculi. Izincwadi zaleli thuluzi zincane, azibalulekile. Ubunkimbinkimbi be-Play, ukucushwa kwezintambo eziningi, kanye nendlela engajwayelekile kudale ukulibala "lesi sihlobo" samaviyoli. Isikhathi sokugcina ukuzwakala komsindo wekhonsathi yakhe kwakuse-Eisenstadt ngo-1775. Kodwa uthando lwenkosana yaseHungary lwaba umfutho wokubhala imisebenzi ye-baritone, eyadlulela ngalé kwemingcele yamahholo esigodlo sayo.