I-Bass guitar: ukuthi iyini, izwakala kanjani, umlando, izinhlobo, indlela yokukhetha

Isiginci sikagesi senze umnikelo omkhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komculo wesimanje odumile. I-bass guitar, eyavela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayizange ihambe kude nayo.

Yini i-bass guitar

I-bass guitar iyinsimbi yomculo enezintambo. Inhloso wukudlala ebangeni lebhesi. Ngokuvamile insimbi isetshenziswa njengengxenye yesigqi. Abanye abadlali basebenzisa ibhesi njengensimbi eholayo, njengebhendi iPrimus.

Idivayisi ye-bass guitar

Isakhiwo sesiginci se-bass siphinda kakhulu isiginci sikagesi. Insimbi iqukethe idekhi nentamo. Emzimbeni kukhona ibhuloho, isihlalo sehhashi, izilawuli kanye neveni. Intamo inezimbobo. Izintambo zixhunywe ezikhonkwane ekhanda, ezitholakala ekugcineni kwentamo.

Kunezindlela ezi-3 zokunamathisela intamo emphemeni:

• ibhowudi;
• kunamathiselwe;
• ngokusebenzisa.

Nge-fastening, ibhodi lomsindo nentamo kusikwa esihlahleni esifanayo. Amamodeli we-bolt on kulula ukuwamisa.

Umehluko omkhulu womklamo ovela kugitala kagesi ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulayo kanye nobubanzi bentamo. Kusetshenziswa izintambo eziwugqinsi. Inombolo yezintambo kumamodeli amaningi yi-4. Ubude besikali bucishe bube ngu-2,5 cm ubude. Inombolo ejwayelekile yama-frets yi-19-24.

Ibanga lomsindo

I-bass guitar inezinhlobonhlobo zemisindo. Kodwa ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lezintambo, akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela lonke uhla lwe-bass guitar, ngakho-ke insimbi ishunwa kuhlobo lomculo olufunekayo.

Ukushuna okujwayelekile yi-EADG. Isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kusukela ku-jazz kuya ku-pop ne-hard rock.

Izakhiwo eziwisiwe zidumile. Isici sesici se-Dropped ukuthi umsindo weyunithi yezinhlamvu uhluke kakhulu ngephimbo kwezinye. Isibonelo: DADG. Intambo yokugcina ishunwa ithoni ibe ngaphansi ku-G, ithoni yokunye ayishintshi. Ekushuneni kwe-C#-G#-C#-F#, intambo yesine yehliswa ngamathoni angu-1,5, asele ngo-0,5.

Ukushuna kwezintambo ezi-5 kwe-ADGCF kusebenzisa i-groove ne-nu metal bands. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushuna okujwayelekile, umsindo wehlisa ithoni.

I-punk rock ibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwe-tunings ephezulu. Isibonelo: FA#-D#-G# – zonke izintambo ziphakamise uhhafu wethoni.

Umlando we-bass guitar

Umsuka wesiginci se-bass yi-double bass. I-double bass iyinsimbi yomculo enkulukazi enezici ze-violin, i-viol ne-cello. Umsindo wensimbi wawuphansi kakhulu futhi ucebile, kodwa usayizi omkhulu wawuyinhlekelele enkulu. Ubunzima kwezokuthutha, ukugcinwa, nokusebenzisa okuma mpo budale isidingo sensimbi yebhesi encane nelula.

Ngo-1912, i-Gibson Company yakhulula i-bass mandolin. Naphezu kokuthi izilinganiso ezincishisiwe zaqala ukuba nesisindo esincane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-double bass, ukusungulwa akuzange kusetshenziswe kabanzi. Ngawo-1930, ukukhiqizwa kwe-bass mandolin kwase kuphelile.

I-bass guitar yokuqala ngendlela yayo yesimanje yavela kuma-30s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Umbhali walokhu okusunguliwe kwakuyingcweti yezandla uPaul Tutmar wase-USA. I-bass guitar yenziwe ngendlela efanayo nesiginci sikagesi. Intamo yayihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwama-frets. Bekufanele ibambe insimbi njengesiginci esijwayelekile.

Ngawo-1950s, i-Fender kanye ne-Fullerton baqala ukukhiqiza inqwaba yesiginci se-bass kagesi. I-Fender Electronics ikhipha i-Precision Bass, ekuqaleni eyayibizwa nge-P-Bass. Idizayini yahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwekhoyili eyodwa. Ukubonakala bekukhumbuza isiginci sikagesi se-Fender Stratocaster.

Ngo-1953, uMonk Montgomery webhendi kaLionel Hampton waba ngumdlali wokuqala we-bass ukuvakasha ngamabhesi kaFender. UMontgomery kukholakala ukuthi wenze i-bass yokuqala yokuqopha ku-albhamu ye-Art Farmer Septet.

Amanye amavulandlela ensimbi yokuvikela uRoy Johnson noShifty Henry. U-Bill Black, owayedlala no-Elvis Presley, ubesebenzisa i-Fender Precision kusukela ngo-1957. Le nto entsha ayizange ihehe abadlali bangaphambili be-bass ababili kuphela, kodwa nabadlali besiginci abajwayelekile. Isibonelo, u-Paul McCartney we-The Beatles ekuqaleni wayengumdlali wesigingci esinesigqi kodwa kamuva washintshela kumabhesi. UMcCartney usebenzise isiginci se-bass se-electro-acoustic i-German Hofner 500/1. Ukuma okuqondile kwenza umzimba ubukeke njengevayolini.

Ngawo-1960, ithonya lomculo we-rock lakhuphuka kakhulu. Abakhiqizi abaningi, okuhlanganisa i-Yamaha ne-Tisco, sebeqala ukukhiqiza ama-bass guitar kagesi. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s, i-"Fender Jazz Bass" yakhululwa, ekuqaleni eyayibizwa ngokuthi "i-deluxe bass". Ukwakheka komzimba kwakuhloselwe ukwenza kube lula kumdlali ukudlala ngokumvumela ukuthi adlale endaweni ehlezi.

Ngo-1961, kwakhululwa isiginci se-bass se-Fender VI esinezintambo eziyisithupha. Ukwakhiwa kwento entsha kwakuyi-octave ephansi kuneyakudala. Ithuluzi kwaba ukunambitheka Jack Bruce kusukela rock band "Cream". Kamuva wayishintsha yaba "EB-31" - imodeli enosayizi ohlangene. I-EB-31 yahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwe-mini-humbucker ebhulohweni.

Maphakathi nawo-70s, abakhiqizi bezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu baqala ukukhiqiza inguqulo yezintambo ezinhlanu zesiginci se-bass. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ethi “B” ishunwe yaba ithoni ephansi kakhulu. Ngo-1975, u-luthier Carl Thompson wathola i-oda le-bass guitar enezintambo ezingu-6. I-oda lakhiwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: B0-E1-A1-D2-G2-C-3. Kamuva, amamodeli anjalo aqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-bass anwetshiwe". Imodeli yobubanzi obunwetshiwe isizuze ukuduma phakathi kwabadlali be-bass yeseshini. Isizathu siwukuthi asikho isidingo sokuhlela kabusha ithuluzi njalo.

Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-80s, azikho izinguquko ezinkulu ku-bass guitar. Izinga lama-pickup nezinto zokwakha liye lathuthuka, kodwa izisekelo zahlala zifana. Okuhlukile amamodeli okuhlola, njenge-acoustic bass esuselwe kusiginci se-acoustic.

izinhlobonhlobo

Izinhlobo zama-bass guitar ngokwesiko ziyehluka endaweni yama-pickup. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• I-Precision bass. Indawo yokuthatha iseduze ne-eksisi yomzimba. Zifakwe kuphethini ye-checkerboard, enye ngemva kwenye.
• Ibhesi yeJazz. Ama-Pickups alolu hlobo abizwa ngokuthi angashadile. Ziqhelelene. Umsindo uma udlala insimbi enjalo unamandla futhi uyahlukahluka.
• I-Combo bass. Idizayini inezici ze-jazz ne-precision bass. Umugqa owodwa wama-pickup uyanyakaziswa, futhi owodwa ukhwezwa ngezansi.
• I-Humbucker. Amakhoyili angu-2 asebenza njengeveni. Amakhoyili axhunywe epuleti lensimbi emzimbeni. Inomsindo onamandla onamafutha.

Ukwengeza, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhathazayo nezingenakukhathazeka. Ama-fretboards angenawo amantongomane, uma eboshiwe, izintambo zithinta phezulu ngokuqondile. Lolu khetho lusetshenziselwa izitayela ze-jazz fusion, i-funk, insimbi eqhubekayo. Amamodeli angenasici awekho esikalini esithile somculo.

Indlela yokukhetha i-bass guitar

Oqalayo uyanconywa ukuthi aqale ngemodeli enezintambo ezi-4. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwensimbi olusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezidumile. Esigincini esinenani elengeziwe lezintambo, ukuhlukana kwentamo nezintambo kubanzi. Ukufunda ukudlala i-bass yezintambo ezi-5 noma ezi-6 kuzothatha isikhathi eside futhi kube nzima kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqale ngentambo eyisithupha, uma umuntu eqinisekile ngesitayela esikhethiwe sokudlala esidingayo. I-bass guitar enezintambo eziyisikhombisa ikhethwa ngabaculi abanolwazi kuphela. Futhi, abaqalayo abanconywa ukuthi bathenge amamodeli angenasici.

Iziginci ze-acoustic bass ziyivelakancane. I-Acoustic izwakala ithule futhi ayisebenzi kubabukeli abaningi. Intamo ivame ukuba mfishane.

I-luthier yesiginci esitolo somculo ingakusiza ukhethe ibhesi elungile. Ngokuzimela, kufanelekile ukuhlola ithuluzi lokugoba kwentamo. Uma, uma ubamba noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka, intambo iqala ukukhala, i-fretboard igwegwile.

Amasu e-bass guitar

Abaculi badlala insimbi yomculo behlezi futhi bemile. Esimeni sokuhlala, isiginci sibekwe edolweni futhi sibanjwe ngengalo yesandla. Uma udlala umile, insimbi ibanjwa ngebhande elilengiswe ehlombe. Abadlali be-bass ababili bangaphambili kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisa isiginci se-bass njenge-bass ephindwe kabili ngokuphendula umzimba uqonde phezulu.

Cishe wonke amasu okudlala isiginci se-acoustic nekagesi asetshenziswa kuma-bass. Amasu ayisisekelo: ukuncinza iminwe, ukushaya, ukukha. Amasu ahlukene ngobunkimbinkimbi, umsindo kanye nobubanzi.

I-pinch isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi. Umsindo uthambile. Ukudlala ngepiki kusetshenziswa kakhulu etsheni nasensimbini. Umsindo ubukhali futhi uphezulu. Uma ushaya, intambo ishaya ama-frets, idale umsindo othize. Isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngesitayela se-funk.