Izingoma zesikhombisa zesingeniso: ziyini, ziyini, yiziphi izikhalazo abanazo futhi zixazululwa kanjani?

Okokuqala nje, ake nginikhumbuze nje ukuthi iculo lesikhombisa liyichord (okungukuthi, ungwaqa) lapho kunemisindo emine futhi le misindo emine ingahlelwa ngokwesithathu. Uma ubhala phansi i-chord yesikhombisa ngamanothi, khona-ke lokhu okuqoshiwe kuzobukeka njengeqhwa elidwetshiwe, kuphela ngeke kube khona ezintathu, kodwa imibuthano emincane emine (amanothi).

Manje mayelana nokuthi igama lesiteketiso elithi "izigcawu zesikhombisa" zivelaphi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-chords esikhombisa, njengama-triad, angakhiwa kunoma iyiphi idigri enkulu noma encane - eyokuqala, yesibili noma yesithathu, yesithupha noma yesikhombisa. Cishe usuvele ubhekane nengoma yesikhombisa ehamba phambili - lena iculo lesikhombisa elakhiwe ngezinga lesihlanu. Ungase futhi wazi i-second-degree seven chord.

Manje, evula ingoma yesikhombisa iwuphawu lwesikhombisa olwakhiwe ngezinga lesikhombisa. Izinga lesikhombisa, uma ukhumbula, libizwa ngokuthi, yilona elingazinzile kakhulu, elitholakala ebangeni le-semitone maqondana ne-tonic. Umsebenzi wokwethula onjalo walesi siteji uye wanweba umphumela wawo kumculo owakhiwe kulesi sigaba.

Nakulokhu, izingoma zesikhombisa ezethulo ziyizingoma zesikhombisa ezakhelwe phezu kwedigri yesikhombisa yesethulo. Lawa maqoqo akhiwe imisindo emine ehlukaniswa ngokwehlukana kwengxenye yesithathu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezingoma zesikhombisa ezethulo?

Kunjalo - amancane futhi ancishisiwe. I-chord encane yesingeniso yesikhombisa yakhelwe ku-VII degree of natural major, futhi akukho okunye. I-chord yesikhombisa ehamba phambili enciphile ingakhiwa ngezindlela ze-harmonic - i-harmonic enkulu kanye ne-harmonic encane.

Ngokujwayelekile sizosho enye yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-chords kanje: MVII7 (isingeniso esincane noma esincane sincishisiwe), kanti okunye - IngqondoVII7 (kwehlile). Lawa ma-chords amabili ahlukene ngo-, kodwa .

Okuncane kuncishisiwe, noma ngamanye amazwi, isingeniso esincane somculo wesikhombisa sihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezincane (okungukuthi, unxantathu oncishisiwe), ngaphezu kwalokho kuqedwa enye ingxenye yesithathu, kodwa kulokhu enkulu. .

Kwehlile ukuvuleka kwechord yesikhombisa, noma, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi besho, okuncishisiwe kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu kwezintathu ezincane. Zingaboliswa kanje: ezimbili ezincane (okungukuthi, empeleni unxantathu onciphile esisekelweni) futhi ngaphezu kwazo enye ingxenye yesithathu encane.

Bheka lesi sibonelo somculo weshidi:

Yiziphi izikhalo zokuvula izingoma zesikhombisa?

Kulungile noma iyiphi i-chord yesikhombisa inama-inversion amathathu, zibizwa njalo ziyafana. Lokhu i-quinceacord (umazisi - izinombolo 65), i-tertz chord (sithola ngezinombolo 43 kwesokudla) futhi iculo lesibili (echazwe ngababili - 2). Ungathola ukuthi la magama angajwayelekile avelaphi uma ufunda isihloko esithi “Isakhiwo Somculo Namagama Awo.” Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi kukhona ukuguquguquka okubili kuphela kwama-triad (amanothi amathathu)?

Ngakho-ke, kokubili amaculo esingeniso amancane nanciphile anezinguqulo ezintathu, ezitholakala ngoba isikhathi ngasinye thina , noma, ngokuphambene, .

Ake sibheke ukwakheka kwe-intervallic yechord ngayinye ewumphumela wokuguquguquka:

• MVII7 = m3 + m3 + b3
• MVII65 = m3 + b3 + b2
• MVII43 = b3 + b2 + m3
• MVII2 = b2 + m3 + b3

Isibonelo sazo zonke lezi zingoma kukhiye we-C enkulu:

I-chord encane yesingeniso yesikhombisa kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo kukhiye we-C enkulu

• UmVII7 = m3 + m3 + m3
• UmVII65 = m3+ m3 + uv2
• umVII43 = m3 + uv2 + m3
• UmVII2 = uv2 + m3 +m3

Isibonelo esiphawuliwe sawo wonke lama chords kukhiye ka-C minor (C enkulu izoba nemisindo efanayo, inothi elingu-B kuphela elizoba inothi elingu-B elivamile ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezengeziwe):

Kuncishiswe ukuvuleka kwechord yesikhombisa kanye nokushintshashintsha kwayo kukhiye we-C minor

Ngosizo lwezibonelo zomculo ezinikeziwe, wena ngokwakho ungakwazi ukubala kalula ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezakhiwe ngayinye yama-chords. Ngakho, uma i-degree yesikhombisa i-chord yesikhombisa ngesimo sayo esiyisisekelo, yebo, sidinga ukwakha esigabeni VII (kuncane kuphela kuzophakanyiswa VII). Isicelo sokuqala - Quintsextchord, noma i-VII65 - izotholakala esigabeni II. Futhi Isivumelwano se-tertzquart sezinga lesikhombisa, VII43 - lokhu kuzo zonke izimo IV degree, futhi isisekelo sesikhalazo sesithathu sithi ngemizuzwana, VII2 - kuzoba VI degree (ngokuyinhloko, uma sidinga inguqulo encishisiwe ye-chord, kufanele sehlise le degree yesithupha).

Isixazululo sesethulo sezingoma zesikhombisa ku-tonic

Amaculo esikhombisa esethulo I-tonic ingaxazululwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Enye yazo ukuguqula ngokushesha lawa ongwaqa abangazinzile abe yi-tonic ezinzile. Okusho ukuthi, ngamanye amazwi, ukubulawa kwenzeka lapha. Ngale ndlela, i-tonic ewumphumela ayiyona into evamile, kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva. Iyiphi enye indlela yokuxazulula inkinga?

Enye indlela isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ama-chords esikhombisa okuqala noma ama-inversions awo awashintshi ngokushesha abe yi-tonic, kodwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-chord "eyisizayo". KANYE . Futhi kuphela lapho le chord yesikhombisa ebusayo (noma ezinye zezinguqulo zayo) ixazululwa ku-tonic ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho.

I-conductor chord ikhethwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso: . Ukwakhiwa kwamaculo ezethulo kungenzeka kuzo zonke izinyathelo ezingazinzile (VII yakhelwe ku-VII7, ku-II - VII65, ku-IV - VII43, naku-VI - VII2). Kulezi zinyathelo ezifanayo, ngaphezu kwesinye sezine - isinyathelo sesithupha - ukuguqulwa kwe-sept evelele nakho kwakhiwa: esinyathelweni se-VII umuntu angabhala u-D65, ku-II - D43 naku-IV - D2. Kodwa ngesinyathelo se-VI, kuzodingeka usebenzise njengomqhubi i-chord yesikhombisa evelele ngokwayo ngendlela yayo eyinhloko - i-D7, eyakhelwe esinyathelweni sesihlanu, okungukuthi, esitholakala ngesinyathelo esisodwa ngaphansi kwe-chord yesibili exazululiwe.

Ake sibheke umfanekiso womculo (isibonelo esinesinqumo):

Ukuxazulula i-chord yesikhombisa yokuvula kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo ngokusebenzisa ukuvumelana okuvelele ku-harmonic C enkulu

Ukuze bathole ngokushesha ukuthi iyiphi i-chord evelele okufanele bayibeke ngemuva kwengoma yesethulo, baqhamuke nalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "umthetho wesondo". Ngokomthetho wesondo, ukuze kuxazululwe isethulo sesethulo, ukunxusa kokuqala kwesept enkulu kuthathwa, ukuze kuxazululwe isicelo sokuqala esiyisethulo, isimemo sesibili sokubusa, esethulo sesibili, esilawulayo sesithathu, njll. Ungasibonisa lokhu ngokucacile - kuzocaca kakhudlwana. Ake sidwebe isondo, sibeke ama-inversions ezinhlamvu zesikhombisa ngendlela yezinombolo ezinhlangothini zalo ezine futhi sithole ama-chords alandelayo, ahamba ngokwewashi.

Manje ake sibuyele endleleni yokuxazulula izingoma zesikhombisa ezethulo ezishiwo ekuqaleni. Ngokushesha sizohumusha lokhu kungahambi kahle ku-tonic. Njengoba iculo lesikhombisa linemisindo emine, futhi ithoni engunxantathu inemithathu, lapho ixazulula, eminye imisindo kanxantathu izomane iphindwe kabili. Yilapho ubumnandi buqala khona. . Kusho ukuthini? Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuvamile ku-tonic triad i-prima iphindwe kabili - ithoni eyinhloko, ezinzile kakhulu, i-tonic. Futhi nasi isinyathelo sesithathu. Futhi lokhu akusona isifiso. Kunezizathu zayo yonke into. Ikakhulukazi, ukulungiswa okulungile kuzoba okubaluleke kakhulu lapho ushintshela ngokuqondile ku-tonic yechord yokuvula enciphile, equkethe ama-tritones amabili; kumele zixazululwe ngendlela efanele.

Elinye iphuzu elithakazelisayo. Akuwona wonke ukuguqulwa kwamasethi esingeniso azoxazululwa abe unxantathu. I-quinsex chord kanye ne-tertsex chord, ngokwesibonelo, izophenduka i-chord yesithupha ene-double third (ene-bass ephindwe kabili), futhi i-chord yesibili izophenduka ibe i-tonic quartet chord, futhi eyodwa kuphela eyisingeniso efomini eliyinhloko izoba. deign ukuphenduka unxantathu.

Isibonelo sokuxazulula ngqo ku-tonic:

Ukulungiswa kokuvula okuncishisiwe kwechord yesikhombisa kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo ku-tonic ku-harmonic C encane

Iziphetho ezimfushane, kodwa hhayi isiphetho okwamanje

Iphuzu lonke lalokhu okuthunyelwe ngamafuphi. Izingoma zesikhombisa ezethulo zakhelwe esinyathelweni VII. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalawa ma-chords - amancane, atholakala enkulumweni yemvelo, futhi enciphile, ezibonakalisa ku-harmonic enkulu kanye ne-harmonic encane. Izingoma zesikhombisa zesingeniso, njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izingoma zesikhombisa, zinezinguqulo ezi-4. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuxazulula lawa ongwaqa:

1. ngqo ku-tonic ngokuphindwe kabili okungajwayelekile;
2. ngokusebenzisa amachords esikhombisa avelele.

Esinye isibonelo, izingoma zesikhombisa ezethulo ku-D enkulu kanye no-D encane:

Uma udinga ukwakha ngomsindo

Uma udinga ukwakha izingoma zesikhombisa ezethulo noma okunye okuguquliwe kusuka kumsindo othile onikeziwe, kuzomele ugxile ekwakhiweni kwe-intervallic. Noma ubani owazi ukwakha izikhawu angakha lokhu ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Udaba oluyinhloko oluzodinga ukuxazululwa ukunquma i-tonality nokuvumela ukwakhiwa kwakho ukuthi kungene kukho.

Sivumela isethulo esincane kuphela kokukhulu, kanye nesinciphile - kukho kokubili okukhulu nokuncane (kulokhu, amathoni azoba - isibonelo, u-C omkhulu no-C omncane, noma u-G omkhulu no-G omncane). Ngingathola kanjani ukuthi iyini ngempela ithoni? Kulula kakhulu: udinga nje ukucabangela umsindo owakha kuwo njengesinye sezinyathelo zethonilithi oyifunayo:

• Uma wakha i-VII7, khona-ke umsindo wakho ophansi uzophenduka isinyathelo se-VII, futhi, ukhuphuka esinye isinyathelo, uzothola ngokushesha i-tonic;
• Uma kufanele ubhale i-VII65, njengoba wazi, eyakhiwe nge-II degree, khona-ke i-tonic izotholakala, ngokuphambene nalokho, isinyathelo esiphansi;
• Uma i-chord enikeziwe ingu-VII43, futhi ithatha i-IV degree, khona-ke i-tonic ingatholakala ngokubala phansi izinyathelo ezine;
• Ekugcineni, uma ku-notebook yakho VII2 iku-VI degree, khona-ke ukuthola idigri yokuqala, okungukuthi, i-tonic, udinga ukukhuphuka izinyathelo ezintathu.

Ngokunquma ukhiye ngale ndlela elula, ngeke ube nezinkinga ngokuxazulula. Ungakwazi ukuqedela isinqumo nganoma iyiphi yezindlela ezimbili - noma yikuphi othanda kakhulu, ngaphandle uma, kunjalo, umsebenzi ngokwawo ukhawulela ukukhetha kwakho.

Izibonelo zamanothi esingeniso nokuguqulwa kwawo kumanothi C no-D:

Sikufisela inhlanhla emizamweni yakho!