Leo Blech |

Leo Blech

Ithalenta likaLeo Blech labonakala ngokucacile futhi ngokugcwele ngokugcwele endlini ye-opera, lapho kuhlotshaniswa khona umvuthwandaba womsebenzi womqhubi okhazimulayo womculi, owathatha iminyaka engaba ngamashumi ayisithupha.

Ebusheni bakhe, u-Blech wazama isandla sakhe njengomdlali wopiyano nomqambi: njengengane eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, waqala ukubonakala esiteji sekhonsathi, enza izingcezu zakhe zopiyano. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu eSikoleni Esiphakeme Somculo eBerlin, u-Blech wafundela ukuqanjwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-E. Humperdinck, kodwa ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko wawuqhuba.

UBlech waqala ukuma endlini ye-opera edolobheni lakubo i-Aachen emuva ekhulwini elidlule. Wabe esesebenza ePrague, futhi kusukela ngo-1906 wayehlala eBerlin, lapho umsebenzi wakhe wokudala wenziwa khona iminyaka eminingi. Ngokushesha, wathuthela emgqeni ofanayo nezinkanyiso ezinjalo zobuciko bokudlala njengoKlemperer, Walter, Furtwängler, Kleiber. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaBlech, okwathi cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyinhloko ye-opera house e-Unterden Linden, abakwaBerliners bezwa ukusebenza kahle kwawo wonke ama-opera kaWagner, iningi lemisebenzi emisha ka-R. Strauss. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, uBlech wenza amakhonsathi amaningi, lapho kuzwakala khona imisebenzi kaMozart, uHaydn, uBeethoven, izingcezu ze-symphonic ezivela kuma-opera kanye nezingoma zothando, ikakhulukazi ezithandwa ngumqhubi.

UBlech wayengafuni ukuvakasha njalo, ekhetha ukusebenza njalo ngamabhendi afanayo. Nokho, uhambo olumbalwa lwamakhonsathi luqinise ukuthandwa kwakhe okubanzi. Ikakhulukazi iphumelele uhambo lomdwebi oluya eMelika, olwenziwa ngo-1933. Ngo-1937, uBlech waphoqeleka ukuba afuduke eJalimane lamaNazi futhi iminyaka eminingana waqondisa indlu ye-opera eRiga. Lapho iLatvia yamukelwa eSoviet Union, uBlech wavakashela eMoscow naseLeningrad ngempumelelo enkulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, lo mculi wayeneminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi ayisikhombisa ubudala, kodwa ithalente lakhe lalisezingeni eliphezulu. “Nangu umculi ohlanganisa ikhono langempela, isiko eliphezulu elinolwazi olunzulu lobuciko oluqoqwe emashumini amaningi eminyaka omsebenzi wobuciko. Ukunambitheka okungenasici, umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wesitayela, isimo sengqondo sokudala - zonke lezi zici ngokungangabazeki zijwayelekile esithombeni esisebenzayo sikaLeo Blech. Kodwa, mhlawumbe, ngezinga elikhulu nakakhulu libonisa ipulasitiki yakhe engavamile ekudluliseni kanye nomugqa ngamunye ngamunye kanye nefomu lomculo lilonke. I-Blech ayilokothi ivumele isilaleli ukuba siyizwe ingaphandle kwayo yonke, ngaphandle kwengqikithi evamile, ukunyakaza okuvamile; umlaleli akasoze azizwa ekuchazeni kwakhe ama-seams abamba ndawonye iziqephu zomuntu ngamunye zomsebenzi," u-D. Rabinovich wabhala ephephandabeni elithi "Soviet Art".

Abagxeki abavela emazweni ahlukene bakuthakasele ukuhunyushwa okuhle kakhulu komculo kaWagner - ukucaca kwawo okumangalisayo, ukuphefumula okuhlangene, kugcizelele ubuciko bemibala ye-orchestra, ikhono “lokuthola i-orchestra nopiyano olungazwakali kahle kodwa oluhlale luzwakala”, kanye “namandla, kodwa ayikaze ibe bukhali, i-fortissimo enomsindo” . Ekugcineni, ukungena okujulile komqhubi ekucacisweni kwezitayela ezihlukahlukene, ikhono lokudlulisela umculo kumlaleli ngendlela ebhalwe ngayo umbhali kwaphawulwa. Akumangalisi ukuthi uBlech wayevame ukuthanda ukuphinda isaga sesiJalimane: “konke kuhle okulungile.” Ukungabikho ngokuphelele “kokuzenzela umathanda”, isimo sengqondo sokucophelela embhalweni wombhali kwaba umphumela wenkolelo yeciko elinjalo.

Ngemva Rigi, Blech wasebenza iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili e-Stockholm, lapho aqhubeka ukudlala e-opera House nasemakhonsathini. Wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe ekhaya futhi kusukela ngo-1949 kwaba umqhubi Berlin City Opera.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek