Thomas Beecham (Thomas Beecham) |

Thomas Beecham

UThomas Beecham wayengomunye wabaculi abashiya uphawu olungenakuqhathaniswa kwezobuciko bekhulu leminyaka lethu, empilweni yomculo yezwe lakubo. Indodana yomthengisi, wafunda e-Oxford, akakaze aye esikoleni somculo noma esikoleni somculo: yonke imfundo yakhe yayilinganiselwe ezifundweni ezimbalwa ezizimele. Kodwa wanquma ukungazibandakanyi kwezohwebo, kodwa ukuzinikela emculweni.

Udumo lwafika kuBeecham kakade ngo-1899, ngemva kokuba eke wathatha isikhundla sikaHans Richter eHalle Orchestra.

Ubuhle bokubukeka kwakhe, indlela enolaka neyokuqala yokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi ethuthukisayo, kanye nokugqama kokuziphatha kwaletha ukuduma kukaBeecham emhlabeni wonke. Umxoxi wezindaba ohlakaniphile, umxoxi ophilayo nonobungane, ngokushesha wathola ukuthintana nabaculi ababekujabulela ukusebenza naye. Mhlawumbe yingakho u-Beecham abe ngumsunguli nomhleli wenani lamaqembu. Ngo-1906 wasungula iNew Symphony Orchestra, ngo-1932 iLondon Philharmonic, futhi ngo-1946 iRoyal Philharmonic. Bonke babambe iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni yomculo wesiNgisi amashumi eminyaka.

Kusukela ngo-1909 ukudlala e-opera house, u-Beecham kamuva waba yinhloko ye-Covent Garden, eyayivame ukusebenzisa usizo lwakhe lwezezimali. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke u-Beecham waduma njengomculi-tolika omuhle kakhulu. Amandla amakhulu, ugqozi nokucaca kwaphawula ukuchaza kwakhe imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko yakudala, ngokuyinhloko iMozart, iBerlioz, eqanjwa abaqambi basekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX - uR. Strauss, uRimsky-Korsakov, uSibelius, kanye noStravinsky. “Kunabaqhubi,” kubhala omunye wabagxeki, “idumela labo lisekelwe kuBeethoven “wabo,” amaBrahm “wabo,” uStrauss “wabo”. Kodwa akekho noyedwa uMozart wakhe owayeyinhle ngokwedlulele, iBerlioz yakhe iqhosha ngokugqamile, uSchubert wakhe elula futhi enomculo njengekaBeecham. Kubaqambi besiNgisi, u-Beecham wayevame ukwenza imisebenzi ka-F. Dilius, kodwa abanye ababhali babezitholela indawo ezinhlelweni zakhe.

Eqhuba, u-Beecham wakwazi ukuzuza ubumsulwa obumangalisayo, amandla kanye nokugqama komsindo we-orchestra. Walwela ukuba “wonke umculi adlale indima yakhe, njengomuntu ocula yedwa.” Ngemuva kwekhonsoli kwakukhona umculi onamawala owayenamandla ayisimangaliso okuthonya i-orchestra, ithonya “lokuluswa ingqondo” elivela kuwo wonke umzimba wakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, “akukho nesisodwa isenzo sakhe,” njengoba umqhubi wesifundo somlando wokuphila kwakhe ephawula, “esafundwa futhi saziwa kusengaphambili. Amalungu e-orchestra nawo ayekwazi lokhu, futhi phakathi namakhonsathi ayelungele ama-pirouette ayengalindelekile. Umsebenzi wokuzilolonga wawulinganiselwe ekuboniseni i-orchestra lokho umbhidisi afuna ukukufeza ekhonsathini. Kodwa u-Beecham wayehlale egcwele intando engenakunqotshwa, ukuzethemba emibonweni yakhe. Futhi wayelokhu ebenza baphile. Kuwo wonke umlando wemvelo yakhe yobuciko, u-Beecham wayengumdlali omuhle kakhulu wokuhlanganisa. Eqhuba kahle kakhulu imidlalo ye-opera, wanika abaculi ithuba lokudalula amandla abo ngokugcwele. U-Beecham waba ngowokuqala ukwethula emphakathini wamaNgisi izingcweti ezinjengoCaruso no-Chaliapin.

U-Beecham uhambele kancane kunozakwabo, enikela ngamandla amaningi emaqenjini omculo wesiNgisi. Kodwa amandla akhe ayengapheli, futhi lapho eseneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili wenza uhambo olukhulu lwaseYurophu naseNingizimu Melika, oluvame ukwenziwa e-USA. Ongaziwa kangako ngaphandle kwaseNgilandi wamlethela ukuqoshwa okuningi; kuphela eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wakhipha amarekhodi angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek