Toti Dal Monte (Toti Dal Monte) |

Toti Dal Monte

U-Toti Dal Monte (igama langempela - u-Antonietta Menegelli) wazalwa ngoJuni 27, 1893 edolobheni laseMogliano Veneto. "Igama lami lobuciko - u-Toti Dal Monte - wayengeyena, ngamazwi kaGoldoni, isithelo" sokusungulwa kobuqili ", kodwa ungowami ngakwesokudla, umculi wabhala kamuva. “UToti ungumuntu ophansi ku-Antoniette, yilokho umndeni wami owawungibiza ngakho kusukela ngisemncane. UDal Monte isibongo sikagogo wami (ohlangothini lukamama), ophuma “emndenini ohloniphekile waseVenice”. Ngathatha igama elithi Toti Dal Monte kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kwami ​​​​esiteji se-opera ngengozi, ngaphansi kwethonya lomfutho ongazelelwe.

Ubaba wakhe wayenguthisha wesikole futhi engumholi we-orchestra yesifundazwe. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, uToti kusukela eneminyaka emihlanu wayesevele exazululwe kahle futhi edlala upiyano. Njengoba ayejwayelene nezisekelo zethiyori yomculo, eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wacula izingoma zothando ezilula zikaSchubert noSchumann.

Ngokushesha umkhaya wathuthela eVenice. U-Toti osemusha waqala ukuvakashela i-Femice Opera House, lapho aqala khona ukuzwa i-Mascagni's Rural Honor kanye ne-Pagliacci kaPuccini. Ekhaya, ngemva kokucula, wayekwazi ukucula izingoma azithandayo nezingcaphuno ezivela kuma-opera kuze kube sekuseni.

Nokho, uToti wangena eVenice Conservatory njengomdlali wopiyano, efunda noMaestro Tagliapietro, umfundi waseFerruccio Busoni. Futhi ngubani owaziyo ukuthi isiphetho sakhe sasiyokwenzeka kanjani ukube, esecishe aqeda i-conservatory, akazange alimale isandla sakhe sokunene - wayeklebhule i-tendon. Lokhu kwamholela "kwindlovukazi yasebel canto" uBarbara Marchisio.

“Barbara Marchisio! kukhumbula uDal Monte. “Ungifundise ngothando olungapheli ukukhishwa komsindo okulungile, imisho ecacile, ukuphindaphinda, ukubonakaliswa kobuciko kwesithombe, indlela yokukhuluma engabazi ubunzima kunoma yiziphi iziqephu. Kodwa zingaki izikali, i-arpeggios, i-legato ne-staccato okwakudingeka iculwe, kuzuzwe ukuphelela kokusebenza!

Izikali ze-Halftone bekuyindlela yokufundisa eyintandokazi ka-Barbara Marchisio. Ungenze ngathatha ama-octave amabili phansi naphezulu ngomoya owodwa. Ekilasini, wayehlale ezolile, enesineke, echaza yonke into kalula nangendlela ekholisayo, futhi kwakuqabukela ephendukela ekuthethiseni ngentukuthelo.

Amakilasi ansuku zonke noMarchisio, isifiso esikhulu nokubekezela lapho umculi osemusha esebenza khona, anikeze imiphumela emihle. Ehlobo lika-1915, uToti wadlala okokuqala ngqa ekhonsathini evulekile, kwathi ngoJanuwari 1916 wasayina inkontileka yakhe yokuqala nethiyetha yaseMilan iLa Scala ukuze athole umvuzo omncane wama-lire ayishumi ngosuku.

"Kwase kufika usuku lombukiso wokuqala," kubhala umculi encwadini yakhe ethi "Voice Above the World". Injabulo yomkhuhlane yayibusa esiteji nasezindlini zokugqoka. Izilaleli zikanokusho, ezazigcwele zonke izihlalo ehholo, zazilindele ngokubekezela ukuba ikhethini liphakame; UMaestro Marinuzzi ukhuthaze abaculi, ababenovalo futhi bekhathazeke kakhulu. Futhi mina, angizange ngibone noma ngizwe lutho; ngengubo emhlophe, iwigi eblond… eyakhiwe ngosizo lwabalingani bami, ngazibona ngiyisifanekiso sobuhle.

Ekugcineni sagibela isiteji; Ngangimncane kunabo bonke. Ngibheka ngamehlo avulekile emgodini omnyama wehholo, ngingena ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa kimi kubonakala sengathi izwi akulona elami. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kwakuyisimangaliso esingemnandi. Ngigijima ngikhuphuka izitebhisi zesigodlo kanye nezintombi, ngaphithana ngengubo yami ende kakhulu ngawa, ngashaya idolo kanzima. Ngezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, kodwa ngagxuma ngokushesha. “Mhlawumbe akekho oqaphelile lutho?” Ngajabula, ngase ngibonga uNkulunkulu, isenzo saphela.

Lapho ihlombe seliphelile futhi abalingisi beyeka ukucula, ozakwethu bangihaqa futhi baqala ukungiduduza. Izinyembezi zase zilungele ukuhlengezela emehlweni ami, futhi kwakubonakala sengathi ngingowesifazane olusizi kunabo bonke emhlabeni. U-Wanda Ferrario uza kimi futhi uthi:

“Ungakhali, Toti… Khumbula… Uwe embukisweni wokuqala, ngakho-ke lindela inhlanhla!”

Ukukhiqizwa kwe "Francesca da Rimini" esiteji "La Scala" kwakuyisenzakalo esingasoze salibaleka empilweni yomculo. Emaphephandabeni bekugcwele ukubuyekezwa okujabulisayo ngalo mdlalo. Izincwadi eziningana nazo zaphawula i-debutante encane. Iphephandaba i-Stage Arts labhala: “U-Toti Dal Monte ungomunye wabaculi abathembisayo baseshashalazini yethu”, kanti i-Musical and Drama Review yaphawula: “UToti Dal Monte endimeni ka-Snow White ugcwele umusa, unomculo omnandi we-timbre. izwi kanye nomuzwa wesitayela ongavamile” .

Kusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe wobuciko, u-Toti Dal Monte wavakashela e-Italy kakhulu, edlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zeshashalazi. Ngo-1917 wacula eFlorence, ecula ingoma eyedwa kuPergolesi ethi Stabat Mater. NgoMeyi wonyaka ofanayo, uToti wahlabelela kathathu eGenoa ePaganini Theatre, ku-opera ethi Don Pasquale kaDonizetti, lapho, njengoba yena ngokwakhe ekholelwa, waba nempumelelo yakhe yokuqala.

Ngemuva kweGenoa, i-Ricordi Society yammema ukuthi azocula ku-opera kaPuccini ethi The Swallows. Imidlalo emisha yenzeke e-Politeama Theatre eMilan, kuma-opera ka-Verdi i-Un ballo e-maschera nase-Rigoletto. Ngemva kwalokhu, ePalermo, uToti wadlala indawo kaGilda eRigoletto futhi wabamba iqhaza ekubonisweni kokuqala kwe-Mascagni's Lodoletta.

Ukubuya eSicily kuya eMilan, uDal Monte ucula esalon edumile "Chandelier del Ritratto". Ucule i-arias kuma-opera kaRossini (The Barber of Seville noWilliam Tell) kanye noBizet (The Pearl Fishers). Lawa makhonsathi awakhumbuleki kumculi ngenxa yokujwayelana nombhidisi u-Arturo Toscanini.

“Lo mhlangano ububaluleke kakhulu ngekusasa lomculi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1919, i-orchestra, eyayiqhutshwa u-Toscanini, yadlala i-Ninth Symphony ka-Beethoven ngokokuqala ngqá eTurin. U-Toti Dal Monte ubambe iqhaza kule khonsathi no-Di Giovanni, ibhesi uLuzicar kanye ne-mezzo-soprano Bergamasco. Ngo-March 1921, umculi wasayina isivumelwano sokuvakashela amadolobha aseLatin America: Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, San Paolo, Rosario, Montevideo.

Phakathi nalolu hambo lokuqala olukhulu noluyimpumelelo, u-Toti Dal Monte wathola i-telegram evela e-Toscanini enesipho sokubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni okusha kwe-Rigoletto efakwe ku-repertoire ye-La Scala ngesizini ka-1921/22. Ngemva kwesonto, u-Toti Dal Monte wayesevele e-Milan futhi waqala umsebenzi onzima nokusebenza kanzima esithombeni sikaGilda ngaphansi kokuqondisa komqhubi omkhulu. I-premiere ye "Rigoletto" eyenziwa nguToscanini ehlobo lika-1921 yangena esikhwameni sobuciko bomculo womhlaba kuze kube phakade. U-Toti Dal Monte wadala kulokhu kusebenza isithombe sikaGilda, eheha ubumsulwa nomusa, ekwazi ukudlulisa imizwa ecashile yemizwa yentombazane enothando nehluphekayo. Ubuhle bezwi lakhe, kuhlanganiswe nenkululeko yokubeka amagama kanye nokuzwakala kahle kwephimbo lakhe, kufakazela ukuthi wayeseyinkosi evuthiwe.

Eneliseke ngempumelelo ka-Rigoletto, u-Toscanini wabe esedlala ingoma ka-Donizetti ethi Lucia di Lammermoor no-Dal Monte. Futhi lokhu kukhiqizwa kwaba ukunqoba ... "

NgoDisemba 1924, uDal Monte wacula ngempumelelo eNew York, eMetropolitan Opera. Njengoba ngempumelelo e-US, wacula eChicago, Boston, Indianapolis, Washington, Cleveland naseSan Francisco.

Udumo lwe-Dal Monte ngokushesha lwasakazekela kude ne-Italy. Wahambela wonke amazwekazi futhi wadlala nabaculi abahamba phambili bekhulu leminyaka elidlule: E. Caruso, B. Gigli, T. Skipa, K. Galeffi, T. Ruffo, E. Pinza, F. Chaliapin, G. Bezanzoni. U-Dal Monte ukwazile ukwenza izithombe eziningi ezingasoze zalibaleka, njengoLucia, Gilda, Rosina nabanye, phakathi neminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu yokudlala ezitebhisini zezindlu ze-opera ezihamba phambili emhlabeni.

Enye yezindima zakhe ezinhle kakhulu, umculi ucabangele indima kaVioletta ku-Verdi's La traviata:

“Uma ngikhumbula izinkulumo zami ngo-1935, ngase ngikhuluma nge-Oslo. Bekuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wami wobuciko. Kulapha, enhloko-dolobha enhle yaseNorway, lapho ngaqala khona ukucula ingxenye yeVioletta eLa Traviata.

Lesi sithombe somuntu sowesifazane ohluphekayo - indaba yothando edabukisayo eyathinta umhlaba wonke - ayikwazanga ukungishiya ngingenandaba. Kuyinto engafanele ukusho ukuthi kukhona abantu ongabazi eduze, umuzwa ocindezelayo wesizungu. Kodwa manje ithemba selivukile kimi, futhi ngokushesha kwaba lula ngandlela thize emphefumulweni wami...

I-echo ye-debut yami ehlakaniphile yafinyelela e-Italy, futhi ngokushesha umsakazo wase-Italy wakwazi ukudlulisa okurekhodiwe kokusebenza kwesithathu kweLa Traviata kusuka e-Oslo. Umbhidisi kwakunguDobrovein, isifundiswa esiyivelakancane seshashalazi nomculi ophefumulelwe. Ukuhlolwa kwaba nzima ngempela, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ngaphandle, angizange ngibukeke ngimangalisa kakhulu esiteji ngenxa yesiqu sami esifushane. Kodwa ngasebenza ngokungakhathali futhi ngaphumelela...

Kusukela ngo-1935, ingxenye ye-Violetta ithathe enye yezindawo eziyinhloko ku-repertoire yami, futhi kwadingeka ngibekezelele kude ne-duel elula "nezimbangi" ezinzima kakhulu.

Ama-Violetta aziwa kakhulu ngaleyo minyaka kwakunguClaudia Muzio, Maria Canilla, Gilda Dalla Rizza kanye noLucrezia Bori. Akukona okwami, vele, ukwahlulela ukusebenza kwami ​​nokwenza iziqhathaniso. Kodwa ngingasho ngokuphepha ukuthi uLa Traviata ungilethele impumelelo encane kunoLucia, uRigoletto, uThe Barber waseSeville, uLa Sonnambula, uLodoletta, nabanye.

Ukunqoba kweNorwegian kwaphindwa kumdlalo wokuqala wase-Italy wale opera kaVerdi. Kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 9, 1936 enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseNeapolitan “San Carlo” … Inkosana yasePiedmontese, u-Countess d'Aosta kanye nomgxeki uPannein babekhona enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi, iva langempela ezinhliziyweni zabaculi nabaculi abaningi. Kodwa konke kwahamba kahle. Ngemva kokuduma kwehlombe ekupheleni kwesenzo sokuqala, umdlandla wezilaleli wakhula. Futhi lapho, esenzweni sesibili nesesithathu, ngakwazi ukudlulisa, njengoba kubonakala kimi, zonke izindlela zemizwa kaVioletta, ukuzidela kwakhe okungenamkhawulo othandweni, ukudumala okujulile ngemva kokuthukwa ngokungafanele nokufa okungenakugwenywa, ukuhlonishwa. futhi umdlandla wezilaleli wawungenamkhawulo futhi wangithinta.

UDal Monte waqhubeka enza phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Ngokusho kwakhe, wazithola ephakathi kuka-1940-1942 "phakathi kwedwala nendawo eqinile futhi akakwazanga ukwenqaba amakhonsathi okwakuvunyelwene ngawo ngaphambili eBerlin, Leipzig, Hamburg, Vienna."

Ngesikhathi sokuqala, lo mculi weza eNgilandi futhi wajabula ngempela lapho, ekhonsathini yaseLondon, ezwa ukuthi izethameli zazithunjwa ngamandla omlingo omculo. Kwamanye amadolobha amaNgisi wemukelwa ngemfudumalo efanayo.

Ngokushesha waya kolunye uhambo lokuvakashela eSwitzerland, eFrance, eBelgium. Ebuyela e-Italy, wacula kuma-opera amaningi, kodwa ngokuvamile e-Barber yaseSeville.

Ngo-1948, ngemva kokuvakasha eNingizimu Melika, umculi ushiya isiteji se-opera. Ngezinye izikhathi wenza njengomdlali we-dramatic. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi ekufundiseni. UDal Monte wabhala incwadi ethi "Voice over the world", ehunyushelwe olimini lwesiRashiya.

UToti Dal Monte washona ngoJanuwari 26, 1975.