Piano, upiyano |
more precisely drunk, ital., lit. - ethule; isifinyezo p
Enye yezimpawu eziguqukayo ezibaluleke kakhulu (bona i-Dynamics). Ngokwencazelo, i-antipode yegama elithi forte. Ngokuhambisana nesiNtaliyane igama elithi “R.” emazweni aseJalimane. ulimi, i-leise yegama ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa, emazweni esiNgisi. ulimi – oluthambile (abbr. so). ERussia ngokuhlanganyela. Ikhulu le-17 igama elithi “thula” lalisetshenziswa ngencazelo efanayo (etholakala emibhalweni yesandla yokucula kwezingxenye). Emculweni wamakhwaya amaningi nasemisebenzini “yesitayela sekhonsathi,” incazelo ka-R. ivame ukuthola igama elithi echo (bona i-Echo). I-piano ebizwa ngokuthi i-forte ne-forte yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngu-G. Gabrieli (1597). Okuphuma ku-R. igama elithi pianissimo (pianissimo, ngokunembile kakhulu pianissimo, isiNtaliyane, kusukela ku-piu upiyano noma upiyano upiyano, lit. - isiqu esifushanisiwe kakhulu, esithulile - pp). Okumaphakathi phakathi kwe-R. kanye ne-pianissimo eguqukayo. umthunzi - i-mezzopiano (i-mezzopiano, i-mezzopiano enembile, isiNtaliyane, i-lit. - engathuli kakhulu). Ngekhulu le-19 igama elithi fortepiano (upiyano, ngokunembile kakhulu upiyano, isiNtaliyane, esifushanisiwe - fp) lalisabalala, lichaza ukusebenza komsindo othile (chord) forte ngokushintsha okusheshayo ngemva kwawo kumsindo we-R. Kamuva, igama elithi elithi sforzando laqala ukusetshenziswa ukuze libonise inguquko esheshayo isuka ku-Forte iye ku-R. Emuva ekhulwini le-18 igama elithi “R.” yasetshenziswa futhi nesiNtaliyane esicacisayo. izincazelo ezifana ne-meno (mino – less), molto (multo – very), roso (puko – quite), quasi (kubzi – cishe), njll. Ngekhulu le-19. Abaqambi baqala ukuphendukela kuzilinganiso zomsindo womsindo ongaphansi kwe-mezzoforte - kufika ku-rrrrr (emdlalweni othi "Autumn" kusukela kumjikelezo wepianoforte "Izinkathi" ka-PI Tchaikovsky).
