Isiqephu se-Arvo Avgustovich |

Ingxenye ye-Arvo

U-Arvo Pärt ungomunye wababhali abajule kakhulu nabangokomoya besikhathi sethu, iciko elinokuqiniseka okukhulu kwangaphakathi nobulula obuqinile. Usezingeni labaqambi besimanje abavelele njengo-A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, G. Kancheli, E. Denisov. Waqala ukuthola udumo kuma-50s, eqamba ngesitayela se-neoclassicism yemfashini, wabe esezama yonke i-arsenal ye-avant-garde - i-serial technique, i-sonorics, i-polystylistics; omunye wabokuqala phakathi kwabaqambi baseSoviet waphendukela ku-aleatorics kanye ne-collage. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yaleyo minyaka - "I-Obituary" ye-orchestra ye-symphony, umdlalo othi "Perpetuum mobile", onikezelwe ku-Luigi Nono; “I-Collage esihlokweni esithi BACH”, i-Symphony Yesibili, ikhonsathi ye-cello “Pro et contra”, cantata “Credo” (embhalweni weNtshumayelo YaseNtabeni). Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-60, ngokungalindelekile kuwo wonke umuntu, u-Pärt washiya i-avant-garde futhi akazange abhale lutho iminyaka engu-8 (kuvele ama-symphonies angu-3 kuphela).

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, umqambi ubelokhu efunda ngenkuthalo umculo wakuqala ngokubambisana ne-Hortus musicus ensemble. Ukujwayelana nengoma kaGregory kanye ne-polyphony yangenkathi ephakathi kunqume isiqondiso sokuvela kokudala komqambi ku-diatonicity, modality kanye ne-euphony. “Ingoma kaGregory yangifundisa ukuthi imfihlo yendawo yonke ifihlwe kanjani ekuhlanganiseni amanothi amabili noma amathathu,” kugcizelela umqambi. Kusukela manje, ukuqamba umculo kuba ku-Pärt uhlobo lwesevisi ephakeme, ukuthobeka nokuzincisha.

Umqambi wabiza isitayela sakhe esisha, esisekelwe ezicini ezilula zomsindo, i-tintinnabuli (lat. bells) futhi wasichaza ngokuthi “ukubalekela ubumpofu bokuzithandela.” Kodwa-ke, umculo wakhe "olula", "ompofu" futhi ngokusobala oyisidina uyinkimbinkimbi futhi wakhiwe ngokucophelela. Umqambi uzwakalise kaningi umbono wokuthi akuwona umculo kuphela, kodwa futhi i-cosmos iqhutshwa inombolo, "futhi le nombolo, kubonakala kimi, ingenye. Kodwa ifihliwe, udinga ukuya kuyo, qagela, kungenjalo sizolahleka ngenxa yesiphithiphithi. " Inombolo ye-Pärt ayisona nje isigaba sefilosofi, kodwa futhi inquma izilinganiso zokwakheka kanye nefomu.

Imisebenzi yokuqala ngqa phakathi neminyaka yama-70s, eyakhiwe ngesitayela "sokulula okusha" - i-Arbos, i-Fraters, i-Summa, i-Tabula rasa nezinye zaletha udumo emhlabeni wonke lwe-Pärt futhi lwenziwa kabanzi. Ngemva kokufuduka eSoviet Union (1980), uPärt uhlala eBerlin futhi ubhala cishe umculo ongcwele kuphela emibhalweni yendabuko yamaKatolika nama-Orthodox (ngo-1972 umqambi waguqulelwa enkolweni yobu-Orthodox). Phakathi kwazo: Stabat Mater, Berlin mass, "Ingoma YeSilouan" (Monk of Athos), Cantus inkumbulo B. Britten, Te Deum, Miserere, Magnificat, "Ingoma Yohambo", "Manje sengiphendukela kuwe", "Indlela yami iphakathi kwezintaba nezigodi", "Inkosikazi Yethu Yentombi", "Mina ngingumvini weqiniso" nabanye abaningi.

Umthombo: meloman.ru