Boris Shtokolov

Boris Shtokolov

Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov wazalwa ngo-March 19, 1930 e Sverdlovsk. Umculi ngokwakhe ukhumbula indlela eya kwezobuciko:

“Umkhaya wakithi wawuhlala eSverdlovsk. Ngo-XNUMX, kwafika umngcwabo uvela phambili: ubaba washona. Futhi umama wethu wayenokuncane kancane kunathi ... Kwakunzima kuye ukondla wonke umuntu. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi, thina e-Urals saphinde saqashwa esikoleni saseSolovetsky. Ngakho nganquma ukuya eNyakatho, ngacabanga ukuthi kuzoba lula kumama. Futhi ayemaningi amavolontiya. Sahamba isikhathi eside, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezigigaba. UPerm, uGorky, uVologda… E-Arkhangelsk, abaqashiwe banikezwa imifaniswano - amajazi, amajakhethi ephizi, amakepisi. Bahlukaniswa baba izinkampani. Ngakhetha umsebenzi kagesi we-torpedo.

Ekuqaleni sasihlala emikhunjini, abafana begumbi lokuqala ababeyihlomele amakilasi nama- cubicle. Isikole ngokwaso sasisedolobhaneni laseSavvatievo. Sonke sasibadala ngaleso sikhathi. Safunda ngokucophelela ubuciko, sasishesha: ngemva kwakho konke, impi yayiphela, futhi sesaba kakhulu ukuthi ama-volleys okunqoba azokwenzeka ngaphandle kwethu. Ngikhumbula ngokuntula isineke esasikulindile ukuqeqeshelwa imikhumbi yempi. Ezimpini, thina, isethi yesithathu yesikole saseJung, asikwazanga ukubamba iqhaza. Kodwa lapho, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, ngathunyelwa eBaltic, ababhubhisi "Oqinile", "Slender", umkhumbi "Kirov" wayenomlando wokulwa ocebile kangangokuthi ngisho nami, engangingalwi nomfana, ngazizwa ngihilelekile empini. Ukunqoba Okukhulu.

Ngangingumholi wenkampani. Ekuqeqesheni ukubhola, ohambweni lwasolwandle ngezikebhe zikaseyili, kwakudingeka ngibe ngowokuqala ukuqinisa ingoma. Kodwa-ke, ngiyavuma, angizange ngicabange ukuthi ngizoba umculi okhokhelwayo. Umngane uVolodya Yurkin weluleka: “Wena, Borya, udinga ukucula, hamba uye endaweni yokugcinwa kwezingoma!” Futhi ngayisikaza: isikhathi sangemva kwempi sasingelula, futhi ngangiyithanda ebuthweni lasolwandle.

Ukuvela kwami ​​esiteji esikhulu setiyetha ku-Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. Kwakungo-1949. Ngisuka eBaltic, ngabuyela ekhaya, ngangena esikoleni esikhethekile seButho Lasemoyeni. UMarshal Zhukov wabe esehola i-Urals Military District. Weza kithi emcimbini wokuthweswa iziqu kwama-cadet. Phakathi kwezinombolo zamakhonsathi ayimfundamakhwela, ukusebenza kwami ​​nakho kwafakwa ohlwini. Wacula ingoma ka-A. Novikov ethi “Roads” nethi “Sailor’s Nights” ka-V. Solovyov-Sedogo. Ngangikhathazekile: ngokokuqala ngqa ngezilaleli eziningi kangaka, akukho engingakusho mayelana nezivakashi ezivelele.

Ngemva kwekhonsathi, uZhukov wangitshela: “Indiza ngeke ilahleke ngaphandle kwakho. Udinga ukucula.” Ngakho wayala: ukuthumela Shtokolov ku Conservatory. Ngakho ngagcina ngiseSverdlovsk Conservatory. Ngokujwayelana, ukusho kanjalo ... "

Ngakho u-Shtokolov waba umfundi we-Vocal Faculty yase-Ural Conservatory. U-Boris kwadingeka ahlanganise izifundo zakhe e-conservatory nomsebenzi wakusihlwa njengochwepheshe kagesi enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi, wabe eseyisikhanyisi e-Opera ne-Ballet Theatre. Ngesikhathi esengumfundi, uStokolov wamukelwa njenge-intern eqenjini le-Opera House yaseSverdlovsk. Lapha wadlula esikoleni esihle sokusebenza, wamukela isipiliyoni sama-comrades amadala. Igama lakhe livela okokuqala kuphosta yaseshashalazini: umculi wabelwe izindima eziningana zesiqephu, lapho enza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Futhi ngo-1954, ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula Conservatory, umculi osemusha waba omunye soloists ehola yaseshashalazini. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, uMelnik ku-opera Mermaid kaDargomyzhsky, waziswa kakhulu ngababuyekezi.

Ehlobo lika-1959, uStokolov wadlala phesheya okokuqala ngqa, ewina isicoco soMncintiswano Wamazwe Ngamazwe e-VII World Festival of Youth and Students eVienna. Futhi ngisho nangaphambi kokuhamba, wamukelwa eqenjini le-opera le-Leningrad Academic Opera ne-Ballet Theatre eqanjwe ngo-SM Kirov.

Umsebenzi owengeziwe wobuciko weStokolov uxhumene nalokhu kuqoqwa. Uthola ukuqashelwa njengomhumushi omuhle kakhulu we-operatic repertoire yaseRussia: i-Tsar Boris e-Boris Godunov kanye no-Dosifei ku-Khovanshchina ka-Mussorgsky, u-Ruslan no-Ivan Susanin kuma-opera ka-Glinka, i-Galitsky ku-Borodin's Prince Igor, uGremin ku-Eugene Onegin. U-Shtokolov uphinde enze ngempumelelo endimeni efana ne-Mephistopheles ku-Gounod's Faust no-Don Basilio kwekaRossini ethi The Barber of Seville. Umculi uphinde ahlanganyele emikhiqizweni yama-opera anamuhla - "Isiphetho Somuntu" ngu-I. Dzerzhinsky, "Okthoba" ka-V. Muradeli nabanye.

Indima ngayinye kaStokolov, isithombe ngasinye sesiteji esakhiwe nguye, njengomthetho, sibonakala ngokujula kwengqondo, ubuqotho bomqondo, ukuphelela kwezwi kanye nesiteji. Izinhlelo zakhe zekhonsathi zihlanganisa inqwaba yezingcezu zakudala nezamanje. Nomaphi lapho umculi enza khona - esiteji se-opera noma esiteji sekhonsathi, ubuciko bakhe buyakhanga izethameli ngobumnene balo obukhanyayo, ukuqabuleka kwemizwelo, ubuqotho bemizwa. Izwi lomculi - ibhesi ehamba phambili - lihlukaniswa ngokuzwakala kahle komsindo, ukuthambile nobuhle be-timbre. Konke lokhu bekungabonwa ngabalaleli bamazwe amaningi lapho umculi onethalente enze ngempumelelo.

UShtokolov wacula ezigabeni eziningi ze-opera nasezigabeni zamakhonsathi emhlabeni wonke, ezindlini ze-opera e-USA naseSpain, eSweden nase-Italy, eFrance, eSwitzerland, eGDR, eFRG; wamukelwa ngesasasa emahholo ekhonsathi eHungary, Australia, Cuba, England, Canada nakwamanye amazwe amaningi omhlaba. Abezindaba bakwamanye amazwe bamazisa kakhulu umculi kokubili ezinhlelweni ze-opera nasezinhlelweni zekhonsathi, bambeka phakathi kwezingcweti ezivelele kwezobuciko bomhlaba.

Ngo-1969, lapho u-N. Benois enza i-opera ethi Khovanshchina e-Chicago ngokuhlanganyela kuka-N. Gyaurov (Ivan Khovansky), uShtokolov wamenywa ukuba enze ingxenye ye-Dositheus. Ngemva komdlalo wokuqala, abagxeki babhala: "UShtokolov ungumculi omkhulu. Izwi lakhe linobuhle obungavamile kanye nokulingana. Lezi zimfanelo zezwi zisebenzela uhlobo oluphakeme kakhulu lobuciko bokudlala. Nansi i-bass enhle enesu elihle etholakalayo. U-Boris Shtokolov ufakwe ohlwini oluhlaba umxhwele lwezingoma ezinhle zaseRussia zamuva nje…”, “UShtokolov, ngokudlala kwakhe okokuqala eMelika, uqinisekise idumela lakhe njenge-bass cantante yangempela…” Umlandeli wamasiko amakhulu esikole se-opera saseRussia. , ukuthuthukisa emsebenzini wakhe impumelelo yesiko lomculo waseRussia kanye nesiteji, - yile ndlela abagxeki baseSoviet nabangaphandle abahlola ngayo ngazwi linye uStokolov.

Ukusebenza kahle yaseshashalazini Boris Shtokolov unaka kakhulu ukusebenza ekhonsathini. Umsebenzi wekhonsathi waba ukuqhubeka kokudala esiteji se-opera, kodwa ezinye izici zethalente lakhe langempela zembulwa kuwo.

“Kunzima kakhulu kumculi osesiteji sekhonsathi kunakwi-opera,” kusho uStokolov. "Ayikho imvunulo, indawo, ukulingisa, futhi umdwebi kufanele embule ingqikithi nobuntu bezithombe zomsebenzi kuphela ngezwi, yedwa, ngaphandle kosizo lwabalingani."

Esiteji sekhonsathi i-Shtokolov, mhlawumbe, ukuqashelwa okukhulu nakakhulu kwakulindelwe. Phela, ngokungafani neKirov Theatre, imizila yokuvakasha kaBoris Timofeevich yagijima ezweni lonke. Kwenye yezimpendulo zephephandaba umuntu angafunda: "Shisa, shisa, inkanyezi yami ..." - uma umculi enza lolu thando olulodwa kuphela ekhonsathini, izinkumbulo zizokwanela impilo yonke. Uyalijabulela leli zwi - kokubili elinesibindi nelimnene, kulawa magama - "shisa", "igugu", "umlingo" ... Indlela awabiza ngayo - njengokungathi uwanikeza njengobucwebe. Futhi kanjalo uphisi wobuciko odlula konke odlula konke. “O, ukube bengikwazi ukukusho ngomsindo”, “Ekuseni okunenkungu, ekuseni okumpunga”, “Bengikuthanda”, “Ngiphuma ngedwa emgwaqeni”, “Umqeqeshi, ungashayeli amahhashi”, “Amehlo amnyama”. Awekho amanga - hhayi ngomsindo, hhayi ngezwi. Njengasezinganekwaneni mayelana nabathakathi, ezandleni zabo itshe elilula liba idayimane, konke ukuthinta kwezwi likaStokolov kumculo, ngendlela, kubangela isimangaliso esifanayo. Ngo crucible yimuphi ugqozi udala iqiniso lakhe enkulumweni yomculo Russian? Futhi iculo elingapheli lase-Russian lowland elikuyo - ngamamayela angakanani ukukala ibanga lawo nomkhathi?

“Ngaphawula,” kuvuma uShtokolov, “ukuthi imizwa yami nombono wami wangaphakathi, lokho engikucabangayo nokukubona emcabangweni wami, kudluliselwa ehholo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokusungula, ubuciko nomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu: phela, abantu abangilalele ehholo abanakukhohliswa.”

Ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu esiteji seKirov Theatre, uStokolov wadlala indima yakhe ayithandayo - uBoris Godunov. "Okwenziwe ngumculi uGodunov," kubhala u-AP Konnov ungumbusi ohlakaniphile, onamandla, olwela ngobuqotho ukuchuma kombuso wakhe, kodwa ngamandla ezimo, umlando ngokwawo umbeke esimweni esibuhlungu. Abalaleli nabagxeki bayasazisa isithombe asidalile, bethi ngenxa yempumelelo ephezulu yobuciko be-opera yaseSoviet. Kodwa u-Stokolov uyaqhubeka nokusebenza "ku-Boris wakhe", ezama ukudlulisa konke ukunyakaza okujulile nobuqili bomphefumulo wakhe.

"Isithombe sikaBoris," kusho umculi ngokwakhe, "sigcwele izithunzi eziningi ezingokwengqondo. Ukujula kwawo kimi kubonakala kungenakuqedwa. Inezici eziningi, inkimbinkimbi ngokungaguquguquki kwayo, kangangokuthi ingibamba kakhulu, ivula amathuba amasha, izici ezintsha zokuba yinyama yayo.

Ngonyaka wokugubha usuku lokugubha umculi, iphephandaba elithi "Soviet Culture" labhala. "Umculi waseLeningrad ungumnikazi ojabulayo wezwi lobuhle obuyingqayizivele. Ijule, ingena ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yomuntu, ecebile ngoshintsho olucashe kakhulu lwezingqimba, iheha ngamandla ayo amakhulu, ubumnandi obumnandi bamagama, ukuvevezela kwephimbo ngokumangalisayo. Umculi Wabantu we-USSR u-Boris Shtokolov uyacula, futhi ngeke umdide nanoma ubani. Isipho sakhe siyingqayizivele, ubuciko bakhe buyingqayizivele, buphindaphinda impumelelo yesikole samazwi sikazwelonke. Iqiniso lomsindo, iqiniso lamazwi, ashiyelwa othisha bakhe, bathola ukubonakaliswa kwabo okuphezulu kakhulu emsebenzini womculi.

Umculi ngokwakhe uthi: "Ubuciko baseRussia budinga umphefumulo waseRussia, ukuphana, noma okuthile ... Lokhu akukwazi ukufundwa, kufanele kuzwakale."

PS Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov washona ngoJanuwari 6, 2005.