Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

UFrederick Delius

Akazange athole imfundo yobungcweti yomculo. Eseyingane, wafunda ukudlala ivayolini. Ngo-1884 waya e-USA, lapho asebenza khona emasimini amawolintshi, waqhubeka ezifundela umculo, wathatha izifundo kumculi wendawo u-TF Ward. Wafunda i-Negro folklore, kuhlanganise nezangokomoya, iziphimbo zazo ezazisetshenziswa ku-symphonic suite "Florida" (i-Dilius's debut, 1886), inkondlo ye-symphonic "Hiawatha" (emva kukaG. Longfellow), inkondlo yekhwaya ne-orchestra "Appalachian" , i-opera ethi ”Koang” nezinye. Lapho ebuyela eYurophu, wafunda noH. Sitt, S. Jadasson noK. Reinecke eLeipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

Ngo-1887 uDilius wavakashela eNorway; UDilius wathonywa u-E. Grieg, owalazisa kakhulu ikhono lakhe. Kamuva, u-Dilius wabhala umculo womdlalo wepolitiki wombhali wemidlalo yaseNorway u-G. Heiberg (“Folkeraadet” – “People’s Council”, 1897); iphinde yabuyela endikimbeni yesi-Norwegian emsebenzini we-symphonic “Sketches of a Northern Country” kanye ne-ballad ethi “Once Upon a Time” (“Eventyr”, esekelwe ku-“Folk Tales of Norway” ka-P. Asbjørnsen, 1917), imijikelezo yengoma Imibhalo yesi-Norwegian (“Lieder auf norwegische Texte” , to lyrics by B. Bjornson and G. Ibsen, 1889-90).

Ngawo-1900 waphendukela ezifundweni zesiDanishi ku-opera ethi Fenimore kanye ne-Gerda (esekelwe kunoveli ethi Niels Lin ka-EP Jacobsen, 1908-10; okuthunyelwe. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); futhi wabhala izingoma ku-Jacobsen, X. Drachmann kanye no-L. Holstein. Kusukela ngo-1888 wayehlala eFrance, okokuqala eParis, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe eGre-sur-Loing, eduze kwaseFontainebleau, evakashela izwe lakubo ngezikhathi ezithile. Wahlangana no-IA Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel noF. Schmitt.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 Emsebenzini kaDilius, ithonya le-Impressionists liyabonakala, elivezwa ikakhulukazi ezindleleni zomculo we-orchestration kanye nemibala yephalethi yomsindo. Umsebenzi kaDilius, ophawulwe ngokusuka kwakhe, usondelene ngokomlingiswa wezinkondlo zesiNgisi nomdwebo wasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

UDilius wayengomunye wabaqambi bokuqala baseNgilandi abaphendukela emithonjeni yezwe. Izincwadi eziningi zikaDilius zigcwele izithombe zemvelo yamaNgisi, lapho abonisa khona nendlela yokuphila yamaNgisi. Umdwebo wakhe womsindo we-landscape ugcwele izingoma ezifudumele nezinomphefumulo - lezi yizicucu ze-orchestra encane: "Ukulalela i-cuckoo yokuqala entwasahlobo" ("Lapho uzwa i-cuckoo yokuqala entwasahlobo", 1912), "Ubusuku basehlobo emfuleni" ("Ubusuku basehlobo emfuleni", 1912), "Ingoma ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga" ("Ingoma ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga", 1918).

Ukuqashelwa kwafika kuDilius ngenxa yemisebenzi yomqhubi u-T. Beecham, owakhuthaza ngenkuthalo izingoma zakhe futhi wahlela umkhosi owawunikezelwe emsebenzini wakhe (1929). Imisebenzi kaDilius nayo yafakwa ezinhlelweni zakhe nguGJ Wood.

Umsebenzi kaDilius oshicilelwe okokuqala uthi The Legend (Legende, yevayolin ne-orchestra, 1892). Edume kakhulu kuma-opera akhe ithi Rural Romeo and Julia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), hhayi kuhlelo lokuqala lwesiJalimane (1, Komische Oper, Berlin), noma enguqulweni yesiNgisi ( “A village Romeo kanye noJuliet”, “Covent Garden”, London, 1907) ayizange iphumelele; kuphela emkhiqizweni omusha ngo-1910 (ibid.) owamukelwa ngokufudumele umphakathi wamaNgisi.

Isici somsebenzi oqhubekayo kaDilius yinkondlo yakhe yokuqala ye-elegiac-pastoral symphonic ethi "Phezu kwamagquma nakude" ("Ngaphezu kwamagquma nakude", 1895, Spanish 1897), esekelwe ezinkumbulo zamasimu e-moor yaseYorkshire - the izwe likaDilius; eduze kwakhe ohlelweni lwemizwa kanye nemibala ithi “Sea Drift” (“Sea-Drift”) ka-W. Whitman, izinkondlo zakhe u-Dilius azizwa ngokujulile futhi zahlanganiswa futhi “Ezingomeni zokuvalelisa” (“Izihlabelelo zokuvalelisa”, zekhwaya ne-orchestra. , 1930-1932).

Imisebenzi yomculo yakamuva kaDelius yayalelwa umqambi ogulayo kumabhalane wakhe u-E. Fenby, umbhali wencwadi ethi Delius njengoba ngangimazi (1936). Imisebenzi yakamuva ebaluleke kakhulu ka-Dilius ithi Ingoma Yehlobo, Umdanso Omangalisayo kanye nesandulela sika-Irmelin se-orchestra, i-Sonata No. 3 ye-violin.

Ukwakhiwa: ama-operas (6), kuhlanganise no-Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore noGerda (1919, Frankfurt); kwe-orc. – iphupho Engadini yasehlobo (Engadini yasehlobo, 1908), Inkondlo yokuphila nothando (Inkondlo yokuphila nothando, 1919), Umoya nomdanso (Umoya nomdanso, 1925), Ingoma yasehlobo (Ingoma yasehlobo , 1930) , ama-suites, ama-rhapsodies, imidlalo yeshashalazi; kwezinsimbi ezine-orc. - amakhonsathi ama-4 (ye-fp., 1906; ye-skr., 1916; kabili - ye-skr. ne-vlch., 1916; ye-vlch., 1925), i-caprice kanye ne-elegy ye-vlch. (1925); chamber-instr. ama-ensembles - izintambo. i-quartet (1917), ye-Skr. kanye fp. - 3 sonatas (1915, 1924, 1930), ezothando (1896); kwe fp. - 5 imidlalo (1921), 3 preludes (1923); yekwaya ene-orc. – IMisa Yokuphila (Eine Messe des Lebens, esekelwe kwethi “So Spoke Zarathustra” by F. Nietzsche, 1905), Songs of the Sunset (Izihlabelelo zokushona kwelanga, 1907), Arabesque (Arabesk, 1911), Ingoma Yamagquma Aphakeme (Ingoma yase-High Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Izingoma zokuvalelisa (emva kukaWhitman, 1932); ngekhwaya ye-cappella - ingoma kaWanderer (ngaphandle kwamagama, 1908), uBeauty wehla (The splendor falls, after A. Tennyson, 1924); ngezwi ne-orc. – Sakuntala (emazwini ka-X. Drahman, 1889), u-Idyll (u-Idill, ngokukaW. Whitman, 1930), njll; umculo wemidlalo yeshashalazi. yaseshashalazini, okuhlanganisa nomdlalo othi “Ghassan, noma i-Golden Journey to Samarkand” Dsh. Flecker (1920, post. 1923, London) nabanye abaningi. abanye