Idlalwa kanjani i-Dombra?

I-Kalmyk dombra chichirdyk iyinsimbi yabantu enomsindo okhanyayo, ongajwayelekile nomlando ocebile. Izinsimbi ezifanayo zivamile eKazakhstan, Uzbekistan nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. I-Dombra, yebo, ayidumile njengesiginci, kodwa umuntu owazi kahle ubuciko bokusidlala ngeke asale enganakwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungafunda kanjani ukudlala i-Kalmyk dombra, yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo kulokhu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwethuluzi kuhilela izinyathelo ezi-4.

1. Udinga ukufunda ukuhlala kahle nensimbi. Umhlane kufanele uqonde, amahlombe akhululeke. Unyawo lwesokudla lubekwe kwesokunxele, futhi ithuluzi libekwe kahle phezulu. Amaphutha okufaka angathinti kuphela ikhwalithi yomsindo, kodwa futhi nempilo yomfundi.
2. Ukusetha amakhono. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukushuna kwentambo yesine, lapho kwakheka isikhawu sezinyathelo ezine (amathoni angu-2.5) phakathi kwemisindo yezintambo ezingenhla nezingezansi.
3. Ukuzijwayeza amasu okulwa. Ukukhishwa komsindo kwenziwa nge-nail yomunwe wenkomba, ehambisana nokunyakaza okuya phansi kwengalo. Iminwe esesandleni ihlala ibambene kancane, kodwa hhayi esibhakeleni.
4. Ukutholwa kwenothi lomculo. Ulwazi lwamanothi, ubude besikhathi, iminwe kanye nokunye okuyinkimbinkimbi komculo oqoshiwe kuzokusiza ukuthi ufunde izingcezu ezintsha uwedwa.

Leli thuluzi lidlalwa ngenkathi uhlezi. Isikhundla sangemuva singama-degree angama-90. Umzimba we-dombra ubekwe emlenzeni. Ithuluzi libekwe nge-engeli engu-45 degrees. Kulokhu, i-headstock kufanele ibe sezingeni lehlombe noma iphakeme kancane. Uma ukhuphula i-dombra phezulu kakhulu, kuzodala ubunzima emdlalweni. Futhi indawo ephansi yentamo yensimbi izobangela ukuthi umhlane ugobe.

Uma udlala i-dombra, imisebenzi yezandla isakazwa ngokucacile. Umsebenzi wangakwesokunxele ukubopha izintambo kuma-frets athile entanyeni. Ibekwe ngendlela yokuthi indololwane ibe sezingeni lentamo yensimbi. Isithupha sibekwe engxenyeni engenhla yentamo endaweni yentambo ewugqinsi (engenhla). Uzoba nesibopho sokuhlanganisa lolu chungechunge. Futhi umunwe akufanele uphumele ngaphandle.

Iminwe esele ibekwe emgqeni kusuka ngezansi. Asetshenziselwa ukubopha intambo encane. Ngenxa yalokho, intamo ye-dombra isegebeni phakathi kwesithupha nomunwe wangaphambili.

Ukuze ubambe intambo ngaphandle kwamanga, udinga ukuhlukanisa ngokubonakalayo i-fret ibe izingxenye ezimbili. Umunwe onentambo kufanele ulungiswe kuleyo ngxenye ye-fret, eseduze nomzimba we-dombra. Uma ucindezela intambo ngokuqinile kubha enqamulayo yensimbi noma engxenyeni ye-fret eseduze nekhanda, umsindo uzobe uhlengezela futhi ungabonakali, okuzophazamisa umbono wegeyimu.

Isandla sokudla sishaya izintambo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ibhulashi liphendukela ezintanjeni ngama-degree angu-20-30, futhi iminwe igobe emasongweni. Kulokhu, i- umunwe omncane, umunwe wendandatho nomunwe ophakathi zisemgqeni ofanayo. Umunwe wokukhomba usondela kancane, bese isithupha sishuthekwa esikhaleni esiwumphumela, senze okufana nenhliziyo.

Izintambo zishaywa esikhonkosini. Ukunyakaza okuya phansi kwenziwa ngomunwe wokukhomba, futhi ukubuyela phezulu kuwela esithupheni. Ukumpintsha ngephedi lomunwe wakho kuzobangela umsindo ukuthi ulahlekelwe ukukhanya kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izipikili akufanele zithinte idekhi. Uma kungenjalo, umculo uzokwenezelwa ngamathoni angemnandi. Eminyakazweni, yisandla kuphela esihilelekile. Indawo yehlombe nendololwane ayibambi iqhaza emdlalweni.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokusetha abaqalayo.

Idivayisi ixhunywe ekhanda le-dombra. Isibonisi sizungeza nge-engeli elungele ukubukwa. Ochungechungeni oluphansi, umsindo othi "re" (uhlamvu lwesiLatini D) usethiwe. Uma inkomba ikhanyisa ngokuluhlaza lapho intambo ikhala, kusho ukuthi ukulungisa kulungile. Uma umsindo weyunithi yezinhlamvu ungafani nenothi, isibonisi sizoba siwolintshi noma sibe bomvu. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ephezulu ishunwe ukuze ithi “la” (uhlamvu A).

Kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokushuna izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo, okuhlanganisa i-dombra. Ungathatha eyodwa yazo, isibonelo, i-Aptuner.

Umsindo wayo kufanele wakhe i-octave eneyunithi yezinhlamvu ephezulu. Bese kuqala udinga ukushuna iyunithi yezinhlamvu ethi “A”, bese uyisebenzisela ukushuna u-“D”. Insimbi ishunwa kahle uma iyunithi yezinhlamvu ephezulu, icindezelwe ku-fifret, futhi iyunithi yezinhlamvu evulekile engezansi yenza ukuhlangana.

Akuvamile ukusebenzisa enye insimbi ukuze ushune i-dombra, okuhlanganisa upiyano noma isiginci. Lokhu kwenziwa uma kudlalwa ensemble.

Ukufundwa kokubhalwa komculo kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komculi. Njengekhono lokufunda, ulwazi lomculo lukuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ngeqoqo elithile lezingoma ozifunda ngesandla. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene kuye ngeminyaka yabafundi.

Ingane yasenkulisa engakwazi ukufunda nokubhala ingachaza amanothi isebenzisa inhlanganisela yemibala namajamo wejometri. Imibala yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa amanothi ahlukene ngephimbo. Isiyingi, inkanyezi, isiyingi, unxantathu kanye nesikwele yiminwe. Kukhona nesistimu yokwenza amasu. Isibonelo, isimo sokuzola sezintambo kuboniswa isiphambano. Futhi umaki wokuhlola uphakamisa ukukhuphuka.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni besikole, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokufunda ukuphawula komculo enguqulweni yendabuko, ehlanganisa lonke uhla lolwazi. Ake sibale eziyinhloko.

• Qaphela abasebenzi. Njengoba kunikezwe uhlelo lwe-Kalmyk dombra, kwanele ukwazi kahle amanothi e-treble clef.
• Qaphela ubude namaphethini anesigqi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukwazi kahle umculo akunakwenzeka.
• Amamitha nosayizi. Umuzwa wokushintshanisa amabhithi aqinile nabuthaka ubalulekile ekuboneni nasekukhiqizeni kabusha izinhlobo zomculo ezihlukahlukene.
• Umunwe. Ukusebenza kwezingoma ze-virtuoso kuncike ngqo ekhonweni lokubeka kahle iminwe entweni, kanye nokuvumelanisa ukunyakaza kwezandla.
• Ama-Dynamic shades. Kumuntu ongawuzwa umehluko phakathi komsindo othulile nophezulu, ukusebenza kuzoba okucashile futhi kungabonakali. Kufana nokufunda inkondlo ngaphandle kokukhuluma.
• Ukwenza amaqhinga. Ukudlala i-dombra ye-Kalmyk kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwamasu aqondene naleli thuluzi. Zingenziwa kahle ngokuzimela noma ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukathisha onolwazi.

Ukufunda ukudlala insimbi yomculo kuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle kokulingana okufanele, kanye nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kokukhiqizwa komsindo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukwakheka kwensimbi, ikhono lokuzimela ngokuzimela ngendlebe, ngemfoloko yokulungisa noma ngosizo lwedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Abanye abaculi bangadlala izingoma ezimbalwa ku-dombra, bewazi kahle ngesandla. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukwazi i-repertoire ebanzi ngaphandle kolwazi lomculo. Izindlela zokulifunda zincike eminyakeni namakhono abafundi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uthole indlela engcono kakhulu ngokwamakhono akho kanye nezintandokazi zakho.

Idlalwa kanjani iKalmyk dombra, bheka ividiyo elandelayo.