UJean Martinon (uMartinon, uJean) |
Martinon, uJean
Igama lalo mculi lidonse ukunaka okujwayelekile kuphela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, lapho, kwabaningi, ngokungalindelekile, ehola elinye lama-orchestra amahle kakhulu emhlabeni - iChicago Symphony, eba umlandeli kaFritz Reiner oshonile. Noma kunjalo, uMartinon, ngaleso sikhathi owayeneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala, wayesenolwazi oluningi njengomqhubi, futhi lokhu kwamsiza ukuba athethelele ukwethenjwa kwakhe. Manje ubizwa ngokufanelekile phakathi kwabaqhubi abahamba phambili besikhathi sethu.
UMartinon ungumFulentshi ngokuzalwa, ubuntwana bakhe nobusha bakhe bachitha eLyon. Wabe esephothula eParis Conservatory - okokuqala njengomdlali wevayolini (ngo-1928), wabe esengumqambi (ekilasini lika-A. Roussel). Ngaphambi kwempi, uMartinon wayehileleke kakhulu ekuqanjweni, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze athole imali kusukela eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, wadlala i-violin ku-orchestra ye-symphony. Phakathi neminyaka yokubuswa kwamaNazi, lo mculi wayebambe iqhaza elinamandla enhlanganweni ye-Resistance, wachitha cishe iminyaka emibili emigodini yamaNazi.
Umsebenzi wokuqhuba uMartinon waqala cishe ngengozi, ngokushesha ngemva kwempi. Omunye umpetha owaziwayo waseParis wake wafaka i-Symphony yakhe yokuqala ohlelweni lwekhonsathi yakhe. Kodwa wabe esenquma ukuthi wayengeke abe nesikhathi sokufunda umsebenzi, futhi wasikisela ukuba umbhali aziphathe. Wavuma, ngaphandle kokungabaza, kodwa wabhekana nomsebenzi wakhe ngobuhlakani. Izimemo zazingena zivela yonke indawo. UMartinon uqhuba i-orchestra ye-Paris Conservatory, ngo-1946 usevele eyinhloko ye-symphony orchestra e-Bordeaux. Igama lomculi lizuza udumo eFrance ngisho nangale kwemingcele yalo. UMartinon wabe esenquma ukuthi ulwazi alutholile lwalunganele kuye, futhi wathuthuka ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabaculi abaqavile njengoR. Desormieres noC. Munsch. Ngo-1950 waba umqhubi unomphela, futhi ngo-1954 umqondisi weLamoureux Concertos eParis, futhi waqala ukuvakasha phesheya. Ngaphambi kokuba amenyelwe eMelika, wayengumholi we-Düsseldorf Orchestra. Futhi nokho iChicago yaba inguquko ngempela endleleni yokudala kaJean Martinon.
Eposini lakhe elisha, umculi akazange abonise ukulinganiselwa kwe-repertoire, okuyinto abathandi bomculo abaningi abesabayo. Akadlali ngokuthanda umculo wesiFulentshi kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-symphonists ase-Viennese - kusukela ku-Mozart no-Haydn kuya ku-Mahler no-Bruckner nama-classics aseRussia. Ulwazi olujulile lwezindlela zakamuva zokukhuluma (uMartinon akakushiyi ukwakheka) kanye nezitayela zesimanje ekudaleni umculo kuvumela umqhubi ukuthi afake izingoma zakamuva ezinhlelweni zakhe. Konke lokhu kwaholela ekutheni ngo-1962 umagazini waseMelika Musical America uhambisane nokubuyekezwa kwamakhonsathi omqhubi onesihloko esithi: "Viva Martinon", futhi umsebenzi wakhe njengenhloko yeChicago Orchestra wathola ukuhlolwa okuhle kakhulu. I-Martinon eminyakeni yamuva ayishiyi imisebenzi yokuvakasha; wabamba iqhaza emikhosini eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise nePrague Spring ngo-1962.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969
