I-Kantele: kuyini, umlando wensimbi, ukwakheka, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa, indlela yokudlala

USadko wasenganekwaneni yaseRussia wayedlala ihabhu, futhi abaculi baseFinland nabaKarelian basebenzisa insimbi yomculo efanayo kakhulu - i-kantele. Ingowomndeni we-chordophone, "isihlobo" saso esiseduze kakhulu yi-zither. Kubhekwa njengedume kakhulu eKarelia naseFinland. ENyakatho Yurophu, kunezinganekwane ngaye, izinganekwane, izindaba ezidumile zigcinwa.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

I-Finnish gusli inomshini olula. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ayekhishwe ocezu lokhuni lwe-alder, okunikeza ukubonakala kwebhokisi, elinikezwe izintambo ezivela emithanjeni yezilwane noma izinwele zehhashi. Manje i-kantele iyisitendi lapho kumiswa khona izintambo, ibhodi lomsindo elizwakalayo, izikhonkwane zokulungisa. Insimbi yocingo yenziwe ngespruce, izikhonkwane ze-birch, izintambo kade zenziwe ngensimbi.

Ubukhulu be-Karelian kantele buncane. Ubude bayo abukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-80 - kulula ukuthutha, ukuhamba nawe endlini ngendlu. Inani lezintambo lingahluka. Emandulo babebahlanu kuphela. Manje abaculi basebenzisa izinsimbi ezinezintambo ezingu-16 nezingu-32. Ezokuqala ziyi-diatonic, i-chromatic yakamuva. Umculo wesintu wenziwa kumakhophi e-diatonic, ama-chromatic asetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwakudala.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Abantu basendulo babenamathisela ukubaluleka kwesiko ensimbini. Wonke umuntu owayefuna ukuwudlala akakwazanga. Kuphela abantu abaqalwe eSakramenteni ababevunyelwe ukungena entanjeni. Ngokujwayelekile abadala bomndeni bekungabadlali be-runes ku-cantele. Akekho onesibindi sokusho ukuthi kuqhamuke nini kantele. Wayengafika eKarelia esuka eFinland noma eBaltic, lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona uhlobo olufanayo, olubizwa ngokuthi “ama-kankles” noma “kannel”. Isakhiwo se-diatonic se-psaltery senza kube nokwenzeka ukudlala izingoma ezilula kuphela, ezihambisana nezingoma zesintu ezingaxakile.

Konke kwashintsha engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lapho umdali we-Kalevala epic runes, umqoqi wamaqhawe waseFinland u-Elias Lennrot, ethuthukisa i-kantele. Wahlukanisa izintambo zaba imigqa emibili, eyodwa yayo inalezo ezitholakala ocingweni lwepiyano ezihambisana nezikhiye ezimnyama. Umphumela waba ithuluzi elinesikali se-chromatic, manje elase lilungele ukucula umculo wezemfundo.

Ikhophi edalwe nguLennrot ilondolozwe. Iphupho likamaster bekuwukusabalalisa kantele umhlaba wonke, ukufundisa ukudlala kuzo zonke izikole zomculo. Ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu umqoqi wezinganekwane, uViktor Gudkov, umhleli wephephandaba iKandalaksha, wabhekisisa ihabhu lesiFinnish. Uhlabeke umxhwele ngomsindo omnandi kangangokuthi wenza izinguquko endleleni kantele eyakhiwe ngayo waze wenza neqembu elihlangene.

Ama-Cantelists alihamba lonke izwe, aqopha izingoma ezindala, azicula esiteji seZindlu Zamasiko. Ngo-1936 bawina i-All-Union Radio Festival. UGudkov udale imidwebo ngokusho ukuthi i-prima yokuqala ne-piccolo-kantele, i-viola, i-bass nama-bass kabili

izinhlobonhlobo

Njengasezinsukwini zakudala, ithuluzi lezintambo lisetshenziselwa ukusebenza komuntu oyedwa. Izingoma zomdabu nezindaba zamaqhawe ziculwa ngemisindo yayo. I-Kantele ene-chromatic tuning isetshenziswa kuma-orchestra. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene ngephimbo:

• ibhesi;
• piccolo
• uyamukela;
• phezulu.

Ngemva kokufika emculweni wezemfundo okhokhelwayo, i-gusli yaseFinland yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi insimbi ye-orchestra.

Idlalwa kanjani kantele

Abaculi bahlala phansi esihlalweni, babeka ihabhu emadolweni abo. Izintambo zihlwithwa ngeminwe yezandla zombili. Okulungile ubeka ithoni eyinhloko, unesibopho sokuhlunga izintambo zamarejista okwedlulele naphakathi, ngakwesobunxele sigcwalisa izikhala.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, iminwe yayilula. Ku-cantele enezintambo ezi-5, umunwe othize "wawulungisiwe" ochungechungeni ngalunye. Izintambo zithintwa ngeminwe, ngezinye izikhathi zithintwa ngozipho. Uma i-chordophone izwakala ku-orchestra futhi yenza umsebenzi wokusekela i-harmonic, i-rattling iyasetshenziswa. Ngale ndlela, ukufunda ukudlala ezikoleni zomculo kuyaqala.

Ukusebenzisa

Zimbalwa izinsimbi zomculo zasendulo namuhla ezingaqhosha ngokuthandwa okunjalo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakuzwakala kuyo yonke imikhosi yasemakhaya. Esifundeni esisenyakatho yeLadoga, izingoma zomdanso ezijabulisayo, ezenamayo zazisabalala.

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-repertoire ye-gusli yaseFinland yanda. Imisebenzi yendabuko eye yacutshungulwa ngochwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa. Emakhonsathini, izingoma zombhali zaleli thuluzi ziyazwakala. I-Solo ayijwayelekile kangako. Umculo we-Ensemble usetshenziswa kaningi.

I-Jazzmen, abaculi be-rock nabo abazange badlule ihabhu laseFinnish. Bavame ukuwasebenzisa emalungiselelweni. Umsindo we-inimitable unikeza umbala okhethekile, ubunkimbinkimbi kusizinda somsindo esiphelele. Ungase futhi uzwe i-kantele kuzingoma zomsindo zamafilimu esimanje. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kuye kwahlelwa amafestivali aveza ubuhle baleli thuluzi elihle, ukugqama kwalo kanye nemfihlakalo.