Okuncane: Izikali Ezincane Nokhiye Abafanayo (Isifundo 8)

Kwenzeka ukuthi izingoma ezidabukisa kakhulu zibhalwe ngokhiye abancane. Kukholelwa ukuthi isikali esikhulu sizwakala sijabule, kanti esincane - sidabukile. Uma kunjalo, lungiselela iduku: lesi sifundo sonke sizonikelwa ezindleleni ezincane "ezidabukisayo". Kuyo uzofunda - ukuthi baluhlobo luni lokhiye, ukuthi bahluke kanjani kokhiye abakhulu kanye nendlela yokudlala izikali ezincane.

Ngokwemvelo yomculo, ngicabanga ukuthi uzohlukanisa ngokusobala phakathi kwesikhulu esijabule, esinomdlandla kanye nengane emnene, evamise ukudabuka, edabukisayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi edabukisayo. Khumbula umculo we-“Wedding March” ka-Mendelssohn kanye “noMashi Womngcwabo” ka-Chopin, futhi umehluko phakathi kokukhulu nokuncane kuzoba sobala kuwena.

Ngethemba ukuthi awukayeki ukudlala izikali? Ngizokukhumbuza ukubaluleka kwale misebenzi ebonakala isidina. Cabanga ukuthi uyeka ukunyakaza nokubeka ingcindezi emzimbeni wakho, uzoba yini umphumela? Umzimba uzoba buthakathaka, ube buthakathaka, uminyene ezindaweni :-). Kunjalo nangeminwe yakho: uma ungaziqeqeshi nsuku zonke, zizoba buthakathaka futhi zixakeke, futhi ngeke zikwazi ukudlala izingcezu ozithandayo kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, udlale izikali ezinkulu kuphela.

Izikali ezincane

Ake ngikutshele ngokushesha: izikali ezincane azincane (futhi azibalulekile kangako) kunezilinganiso ezinkulu. Ukuthi nje banikezwe igama elingenabulungiswa.

Njengezilinganiso ezinkulu, izikali ezincane ziqukethe amanothi ayisishiyagalombili, eyokuqala neyokugcina enegama elifanayo. Kodwa ukuhleleka kwezikhawu kuzo kuhlukile. Inhlanganisela yamathoni nama-semitone esikalini esincane imi kanje:

Ithoni – ithoni – ithoni – ithoni – ithoni – ithoni – ithoni

Ake nginikhumbuze ukuthi ngokuyinhloko yile: Ithoni - Ithoni - Isimithone - Ithoni - Ithoni - Ithoni - Isemitone

Kungase kubukeke njengenhlanganisela yezikhawu zesilinganiso esikhulu, kodwa empeleni, amathoni nama-semitones ahlelwe ngendlela ehlukile lapha. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzwa lo mehluko we-sonic ukudlala nokulalela izikali ezinkulu nezincane ngokulandelana.

Njengoba cishe ubonile, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindlela ezinkulu nezincane usesinyathelweni sesithathu, okuthiwa. liyatshona okwesithathu: kukhiye omncane, iyehliswa, kwakheka isikhawu sengxenye yesithathu encane (mZ) nge-tonic.

Omunye umehluko wukuthi kumodi enkulu ukwakheka kwezikhawu kuhlala njalo, kuyilapho kumodi encane kungashintsha ezinyathelweni eziphezulu, okudala izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ezincane. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yalesi sici esinezinhlangothi eziningi zokhiye omncane lapho kutholakala khona imisebenzi emihle?

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene, uyabuza?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezincane:

1. zemvelo
2. i-harmonic
3. melodic.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwezincane lubonakala ngokwakhiwa kwezikhawu. Kuze kufike esinyathelweni sesihlanu kuzo zontathu ziyefana, kanti esesithupha nesesikhombisa kukhona okuhlukile.

ezincane zemvelo — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni

i-harmonic encane ihluke kweyemvelo ngesinyathelo sesikhombisa esiphakanyisiwe: iphakanyiswe ngethoni eyingxenye, isondela eduze ne-tonic. Isikhawu phakathi kwezinyathelo zesithupha nesikhombisa ngaleyo ndlela siba banzi - manje sekuyithoni eyodwa nengxenye (ebizwa ngokuthi isekhondi elinwetshiwe - uv.2), okunikeza isikali, ikakhulukazi ekunyakazeni okuya phansi, uhlobo lomsindo "wasempumalanga".

Ku-harmonic encane, ukwakheka kwezikhawu kungokulandelayo: Ithoni - I-semitone - Ithoni - Ithoni - I-Semitone - Ithoni eyodwa nengxenye - I-semitone

Olunye uhlobo oluncane - melodic encane, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-jazz minor (itholakala emculweni omningi we-jazz). Yiqiniso, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kufike umculo we-jazz, abaqambi abafana noBach noMozart basebenzisa lolu hlobo lwabancane njengesisekelo semisebenzi yabo.

Kokubili ku-jazz nasemculweni we-classical (nakwezinye izitayela futhi), i-melodic minor iyahluka ngoba inezinyathelo ezimbili eziphakanyisiwe - esesithupha nesesikhombisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhleleka kwezikhawu esikalini esincane se-melodic kuba:

Ithoni — Isemithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni — Ithoni.

Ngithanda ukubiza lesi sikali ngesikali esingashintshi, ngoba asikwazi ukunquma ukuthi kufanele sibe sikhulu noma sibe sincane. Bheka futhi ukulandelana kwezikhawu kuyo. Qaphela ukuthi izikhawu ezine zokuqala kuyo ziyafana nezisesikalini esincane, futhi ezokugcina ziyafana nezisesikalini esikhulu.

Manje ake sithinte umbuzo wokuthi unganquma kanjani inani lezimpawu ezibalulekile kukhiye othile omncane.

Okhiye abahambisanayo

Futhi nakhu kufika umqondo okhiye abahambisanayo.

Okhiye abakhulu nabancane abanenombolo efanayo yezimpawu (noma ngaphandle kwabo, njengasendabeni ka-C omkhulu kanye no-A omncane) babizwa ngokuthi ukuhambisana.

Zihlala zihlukaniswa komunye nomunye ngengxenye yesithathu encane - encane izohlale yakhiwe ngesinyathelo sesithupha sesilinganiso esikhulu.

Ama-tonic wezihluthulelo ezihambisanayo ahlukile, ukubunjwa kwezikhawu nakho kuhlukile, kodwa isilinganiso sezihluthulelo ezimhlophe nezimnyama zihlala zifana. Lokhu kufakazela futhi ukuthi umculo uyindawo yemithetho eqinile yezibalo, futhi, ngemva kokuyiqonda, umuntu angahamba kalula futhi ngokukhululekile kuwo.

Ukuqonda ubudlelwano bokhiye abahambisanayo akunzima kangako: dlala isikali esikhulu se-C, bese-ke, kodwa hhayi esinyathelweni sokuqala, kodwa kusukela kwesesithupha, bese ume endaweni yesithupha phezulu - awudlalanga lutho ngaphandle “kwemvelo. isikali esincane” kukhiye othi A minor.

Phambi kwakho uhlu lokhiye abahambisanayo ngamagama azo esiLatini kanye nenani labalingiswa ababalulekile.

• C enkulu / Encane - C-dur / a-moll
• I-G enkulu / Encane - G-dur / e-moll (1 ebukhali)
• D enkulu / B minor – D-dur / h-moll (2 sharps)
• Okukhulu / F die minor – A-dur / f: -moll (3 okubukhali)
• I-E enkulu / i-C-sharp minor – E-dur / cis-moll (izici ezi-4)
• I-B enkulu/G-ebukhali encane — H-dur/gis-moll (izici ezi-5)
• I-F-sharp major / D-sharp minor – Fis-dur / dis-moll (6 obukhali)
• F enkulu D encane – F-dur / d-moIl (ifulethi eli-1)
• I-B flat enkulu / G minor - B-dur / g-moll (amafulethi ama-2)
• I-E-flat major / C minor – E-dur / c-moll (amafulethi ama-3)
• I-flat major / F minor - As-dur / f-moll (amafulethi ama-4)
• I-D-flat major / B-flat minor – Des-dur / b-moll (amafulethi angu-5)
• I-G-flat major / E-flat minor – Ges-dur / es-moll (amafulethi ayi-6)

Awu, manje unombono mayelana nengane, futhi manje lonke lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa. Futhi udinga ukuqala, yiqiniso, ngezikali. Ngezansi kunethebula lazo zonke izikali ezincane ezikhona ezinkulu nezihambisanayo nazo zonke iminwe (izinombolo zeminwe). Yiba matasa, ungajahi.

Ake ngikukhumbuze indlela yokudlala izikali:

1. Dlala kancane ngesandla ngasinye isikali sama-octave angu-4 phezulu naphansi. Qaphela ukuthi ohlelweni lokusebenza lomculo weshidi, izinombolo zeminwe zinikezwa ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwamanothi. Lezo zinombolo ezingaphezulu kwamanothi zibhekisela esandleni sokudla, ngezansi - kwesokunxele.
2. Qaphela ukuthi i-Melodic minor, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zezikali ezincane, izokwakha ngendlela ehlukile lapho yehla inyuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekunyakazeni okuya phansi, uguquko oluzumayo lusuka kokukhulu (lapho izikhawu ze-melodic minor ziqondana ukusuka esinyathelweni sokuqala ukuya kwesesine) ukuya kwencane kuzozwakala kungeyona imvumelwano emnandi. Futhi ukuxazulula le nkinga, encane yemvelo isetshenziselwa ukunyakaza okwehlayo - izinyathelo zesikhombisa nesithupha zibuyela endaweni yazo yokuqala yesilinganiso esincane.
3. Xhuma ngezandla ezimbili.
4. Khulisa kancane kancane ijubane lokudlala izikali, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo qiniseka ukuthi umdlalo ubushelelezi futhi unesigqi.

Eqinisweni, umqambi akabophekile ukuba asebenzise wonke amanothi avela kunoma yisiphi isikali emculweni wakhe. Isikali somqambi imenyu ongakhetha kuyo amanothi.

Izilinganiso ezinkulu nezincane ngokungangabazeki yizona ezithandwa kakhulu, kodwa akuzona kuphela izikali ezikhona emculweni. Ungesabi ukuzama kancane ngohlelo lwezikhawu ezishintshanayo esikalini esikhulu nesincane. Shintsha ithoni nge-semitone ndawana thize (futhi okuphambene nalokho) futhi ulalele ukuthi kwenzekani.

Futhi kuvela ukuthi uzodala isikali esisha: hhayi esikhulu noma esincane. Ezinye zalezi zikali zizozwakala zizinhle, ezinye zizozwakala zinengeka, kanti ezinye zizozwakala zingavamile kakhulu. Ukudala izikali ezintsha akuvunyelwe kuphela, kodwa futhi kunconywa. Izikali ezintsha ezintsha zinikeza impilo kumculo omusha nokuvumelanayo.

Abantu bebelokhu bezama ukukala izikhala kusukela kwavela umculo. Futhi nakuba izikali eziningi zokuhlola zingazuzanga ukuthandwa njengezinkulu nezincane, kwezinye izitayela zomculo lezi eziqanjiwe zisetshenziswa njengesisekelo sezingoma.

Futhi ekugcineni, ngizokuphonsa umculo othokozisayo kokhiye abancane