Ikhalenda lomculo - Disemba

NgoDisemba emlandweni womculo kwaphawulwa ukuzalwa kwabaqambi abadumile njengoBeethoven, Sibelius, Berlioz, Puccini, Sviridov, Shchedrin noKabalevsky, kanye nama-premiere ambalwa aphezulu.

Izintandokazi ze-Muses ezizalwe ngo-December

I-8 December iminyaka engu-1865 wazalelwa edolobheni elincane laseFinnish iHyamenliana UJean Sibelius. Umqambi wahlonishwa ezweni lakubo ngokuhlonishwa kangangokuthi akekho omunye umculi owazuza ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Ubuqotho bomculo wakhe, ukuboniswa okuyiqiniso kwesimilo sabantu bakubo, kwenza lo mculi adume ngale kwemingcele yezwe lakubo. U-Sibelius wayevame ukuphendukela ku-epic yaseFinnish, ehlanganisa izingoma zezwe zibe izingoma zakhe.

I-11 December iminyaka engu-1803 edolobheni La Cote-Saint-André eduze Grenoble French kwazalwa UHector Berlioz. Njengoba wayezifundise, wafunda konke ukuhlakanipha kwesayensi yomculo eyedwa: uyise wamenqabela ukudlala upiyano, esaba ukuthanda okwedlulele kwendodana yakhe ngomculo. Kodwa ukwesaba kwakhe kwaqinisekiswa: indodana ayikhethanga nje umculo njengomsebenzi wayo, kodwa futhi yazuza ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengomqambi, umsunguli, umdali we-symphony yohlelo. Ngomsebenzi wakhe, wanikeza umfutho kukho konke ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesiqondiso sothando emculweni.

I-16 December iminyaka engu-1770 kwenzeka umcimbi eJalimane, ukubaluleka kwawo okungenakulinganiswa: edolobheni laseBonn, Ludwig van Beethoven. Naphezu kobunzima bobuntwana, amahora amaningi amakilasi ahlelwe nguyise emzamweni wokwenza ingane eyisimangaliso endodaneni yakhe, uBeethoven akazange alahlekelwe uthando lwakhe lomculo futhi waba ngomunye wabaphathi be-Viennese classicism, ehlanganyela lesi sihloko nabakhulu. UHaydn noMozart. I-symphonist ekhaliphile, umhlubuki, emsebenzini wakhe wayephishekela njalo umqondo wokunqoba kwamandla omoya phezu kobumnyama nokungalungi. Abaqambi abaningi babembheka njengomeluleki wabo, okukhona kubo uG. Berlioz, I. Brahms, G. Mahler, F. Liszt, S. Prokofiev, A. Schoenberg, D. Shostakovich, futhi lena ingxenye encane nje yabalandeli bakhe.

Ngalolo suku, Disemba 16, kodwa ngo-1915 kwavela umqambi waseRussia, umdlali wopiyano kanye nombhidisi edolobheni laseFatezh Georgy Sviridov. Umsebenzi wakhe ubonakala ngokuxhumana okuseduze nemithombo yabantu, ubelokhu ezibeka njengendodana yezwe lakhe. Umqambi wayengumqambi wemidwebo nezinkondlo zaseRussia, futhi wayethanda ithalente likaPushkin. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe ugcwele isifiso esivuthayo sobuhle, ubulungisa, ukuzwana kwangaphakathi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqonda idrama yale nkathi, okuhlangenwe nakho.

Usuku lwe-16 kuZibandlela lwaphawulwa ngokuzalwa komunye umqambi odumile. December 16, 1932 weza emhlabeni Rodion Shchedrin. Umculo wawuzungeza umqambi wesikhathi esizayo kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngoba uyise wayengumculi womculo. Iminyaka yobusha yaqondana nenhlekelele enkulu yabantu baseSoviet, futhi umfana wenza imizamo eminingana yokubalekela phambili. Esikhathini esizayo, ubuhlungu obuvela ekuhlangenwe nakho kwaguqulwa ekudalweni kwemisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile yezifundo zempi. Indlela yakhe njengomqambi iwukunqoba ukucwasa, inertia, nokungaqondi kahle kwabalaleli. Wayehlale enombono wakhe, wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu kufanele aphile futhi adale ngenxa yekusasa, ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane.

I-22 December iminyaka engu-1858 weza emhlabeni UGiacomo Puccini, umpetha omkhulu we-opera yase-Italy. Abagxeki babengavumelananga ekuhloleni umsebenzi wakhe. Abanye babize umculo wakhe njengoshukela, ulula, ongakufanelekeli ukuthatha indawo phakathi kobuciko bomhlaba bokudlala. Abanye babembheka njengomuntu odelelayo futhi “womele igazi”. Futhi umphakathi kuphela owawubabaza ikhono lakhe njalo. Isikhathi sibeke yonke into endaweni yayo futhi namuhla ama-opera kaPuccini ahlala ekhona ohlwini lwe-repertoire yazo zonke izindlu ze-opera emhlabeni.

I-30 December iminyaka engu-1904 wazalwa UDmitry Kabalevsky, umqambi, uthisha omkhulu womculo, uthisha ovelele, isazi somphakathi esingakhathali. Uqambe cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo, ethanda izingqikithi zentsha. Wakhanga umphakathi ngazo zonke izindlela ezinkingeni zemfundo yobuhle bezingane nentsha futhi wadala umqondo ophelele wemfundo yomculo, eyakha isisekelo sekharikhulamu yomculo wesikole.

Imidlalo yokuqala eyenza abantu bakhulume ngabo

Ngo-December 9, umehluko ncamashi 6 iminyaka, kwenzeka izenzakalo ezimbili ezaba inguquko emlandweni zomculo Russia. Ngo-1836, i-premiere ye-opera kazwelonke yokuqala, i-A Life for the Tsar ka-Mikhail Glinka omkhulu, yenzeka e-Mariinsky Theatre. Futhi ngo-1, ngosuku olufanayo opera yesibili master, Ruslan futhi Lyudmila, kwenzeka esiteji esifanayo.

Ngemva kokuqala komdlalo wokuqala, uMbusi u-Nicholas I unikeze u-Glinka indandatho yakhe yedayimane njengophawu lokugunyazwa kwakhe okukhulu. Isihloko sokuqala se-opera ethi "Ivan Susanin" sahlala cishe kwaze kwaba yilapho kuqala i-Premiere, kodwa sashintshwa saba "Impilo Yenkosi" ngesicelo somqambi ngemvume yenhloko yezwe. Kamuva, igama labuyiselwa, njengoba inguqulo yesibili ayihambisani nomoya wesifunda esincane saseSoviet, futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza i-opera ezigabeni ze-opera zase-USSR nayo.

Ingoma yokuqala ka-Bayan evela ku-opera ethi “Ruslan and Lyudmila” ka-MI Glinka

I-premiere ye "Ruslan" ayizange ibe mnandi kangako. Ngesenzo sesihlanu, umndeni wasebukhosini wawusuphumile ebhokisini, kwase kulandela inkantolo. Ekugcineni, izethameli azizange zishaye ihlombe ngazwi linye, njengoba umlobi ngokwakhe ekhuluma ngakho. Noma kunjalo, i-opera yadlala imidlalo engu-32 ngesizini yayo yokuqala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi udlalwa eParis, lo mdlalo wadlalwa izikhathi ezifanayo ncamashi.

Ngo-December, kuphela kakade ngo-1892, kwaba khona enye Premiere ephawulekayo. Mhla ziyi-18, i-The Nutcracker kaPyotr Tchaikovsky yethulwa emphakathini okokuqala ngqa esiteji se-Mariinsky Theatre. Umsebenzi wokwakha lo msebenzi wobuciko wenziwa ngokubambisana eduze nomdwebi wamaculo odumile uMarius Petipa, owanikeza umqambi izincomo ezinemininingwane mayelana nemvelo yomculo. Ukugxekwa kwakuxubile, kodwa kuze kube namuhla i-ballet iwumdlalo ofunwa kakhulu ngumphakathi.

Ingoma yesibili ka-Bayan ku-opera ethi “Ruslan and Lyudmila” ka-MI Glinka

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova