Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Ngiyalithanda ikhono lakhe njengothisha nomqambi, ngimthatha njengomuntu okhaliphile futhi ohlanzekile ngokomoya. S. Gubaidulina

Umsebenzi ngamunye omusha ka-N. Peiko uvusa isithakazelo sangempela sabalaleli, uba umcimbi empilweni yomculo njengento ekhanyayo neyokuqala yesiko lobuciko kazwelonke. Ukuhlangana nomculo womqambi kuyithuba lokuxhumana ngokomoya nabantu besikhathi sethu, sihlaziya ngokujulile futhi sina izinkinga zokuziphatha zomhlaba osizungezile. Umqambi usebenza ngokuzikhandla nangokujulile, ekwazi ngesibindi izinhlobo eziningi zomculo ezihlukahlukene. Wakha ama-symphonies angu-8, inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ye-orchestra, ama-ballet angu-3, ​​i-opera, i-cantatas, i-oratorios, imisebenzi ye-chamber-instrumental neyezwi, umculo wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, amafilimu, ukusakazwa komsakazo.

UPeiko wazalelwa emndenini ohlakaniphile. Ebuntwaneni nasebusheni, izifundo zakhe zomculo zazingezona ezemvelo. Umhlangano wamathuba no-G. Litinsky, owazisa kakhulu ithalenta lensizwa, washintsha isiphetho sikaPeiko: waba umfundi womnyango wokuqamba wekolishi lomculo, futhi ngo-1937 wangeniswa ngonyaka wesithathu we-Conservatory yaseMoscow. lapho waphothula khona ekilasini N. Myaskovsky. Kakade kuma-40s. U-Peiko waziveza kokubili njengomqambi wethalente elikhanyayo nelokuqala, futhi njengomuntu osesidlangalaleni, nanjengomqhubi. Imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yama-40-50s. fakaza ngekhono elikhulayo; ekukhetheni izihloko, iziqephu, imibono, ukuphila kobuhlakani, ukubhekwa okubalulekile, ukuhlukahluka kwezithakazelo, ububanzi bombono namasiko aphezulu kuya ngokuya kubonakaliswa.

U-Peiko uyi-symphonist owazalwa. Kakade emsebenzini wokuqala we-symphonic, izici zesitayela sakhe zinqunywa, ezihlukaniswa ngenhlanganisela yokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi komcabango nenkulumo yayo evinjelwe. Isici esimangalisayo somsebenzi kaPeiko ukukhanga emasikweni esizwe abantu bomhlaba. Ukuhlukahluka kwezithakazelo ze-ethnographic kwabonakala ekudalweni kwe-opera yokuqala ye-Bashkir "Aikhylu" (kanye noM. Valeev, 1941), ku-suite "From Yakut Legends", ku-"Moldavian Suite", ngeziqephu eziyisikhombisa ezindikimbeni. wePeoples of the USSR, njll. Kule misebenzi umbhali wayeqhutshwa isifiso sokubonisa isimanje ngokusebenzisa i-prism yemibono yomculo neyenkondlo yabantu bezizwe ezahlukene.

60-70s Yisikhathi sokuchuma kokudala nokuvuthwa. I-ballet Joan of Arc yaletha udumo phesheya, ukudalwa kwayo okwandulelwa umsebenzi onzima emithonjeni eyinhloko - umculo wesintu nochwepheshe waseFrance yasendulo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, indikimba yokushisekela izwe lomsebenzi wakhe yasungulwa futhi yazwakala ngamandla, ihlotshaniswa nesikhalazo ezikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko abantu baseRussia, izenzo zabo zobuqhawe empini edlule. Phakathi kwalezi zincwadi kukhona i-oratorio "Ubusuku be-Tsar Ivan" (esekelwe endabeni ka-AK Tolstoy "I-Silver Prince"), umjikelezo we-symphonic "In the Strade of War". Ngawo-80s. ngokuhambisana nalesi siqondiso, okulandelayo kwadalwa: i-oratorio "Izinsuku zezimpi zakudala" esekelwe etsheni lesikhumbuzo sezincwadi zasendulo zaseRussia "Zadonshchina", i-cantata yekamelo "Pinezhie" esekelwe emisebenzini kaF. Abramov.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, umculo we-orchestra uyaqhubeka uthatha indawo ehamba phambili emsebenzini womqambi. Ama-symphonies akhe Okwesine nowesihlanu, i-Symphony Concerto, ethuthukisa amasiko angcono kakhulu we-symphony yama-Russian epic, yathola ukukhala okukhulu komphakathi. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zephimbo namafomu amukelwa yi-Peiko kuyamangalisa. Imisebenzi yezwi nopiyano (ngaphezulu kuka-70) ihlanganisa isifiso sokuqonda izimiso zokuziphatha nefilosofi yemibhalo yezinkondlo ka-A. Blok, S. Yesenin, izimbongi zamaShayina asendulo kanye nezimbongi zesimanje zaseMelika. Ukukhala komphakathi okukhulu kakhulu kwatholwa yimisebenzi esekelwe emavesini ezimbongi zaseSoviet - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

U-Peiko ujabulela igunya elingangatshazwa phakathi kwabaqambi abancane. Kusukela ekilasini lakhe (futhi ubefundisa kusukela ngo-1942 eMoscow Conservatory, kusukela ngo-1954 e-Gnessin Institute) kwavela umthala wonke wabaculi abafundele kakhulu (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, nabanye).

L. Rapatskaya

Ukwakhiwa:

opera U-Aikhylu (ehlelwe ngu-MM Valeev, 1943, Ufa; 2nd ed., co-author, 1953, ephelele); amabhalethi – Imimoya yasentwasahlobo (kanye no-3. V. Khabibulin, esekelwe inoveli ka-K. Nadzhimy, 1950), uJeanne d'Arc (1957, I-Musical Theatre eqanjwe ngoStanislavsky noNemirovich-Danchenko, eMoscow), uBirch Grove (1964) ; kwabacula ngabodwana, ikwaya kanye ne-orchestra – Cantata Builders of the Future (izingoma zika-NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio The Night of Tsar Ivan (emva kuka-AK Tolstoy, 1967); ye-orchestra - ama-symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; ikhonsathi-symphony, 1974), ama-suites Asuka ezinganekwaneni zaseYakut (1940; 2nd ed. 1957), Kusukela emandulo yaseRussia 1948; 2 yasendulo. I-Moldavian suite (1963), i-symphonietta (1950), izinhlobonhlobo (1940), izingcezu ezingu-1947 ezindikimbeni zabantu base-USSR (7), i-Symphonic ballad (1951), i-overture To the world (1959), Capriccio (ye-symphonic encane orc., 1961); yepiyano ne-orchestra - ikhonsathi (1954); ye-violin ne-orchestra - I-Concert Fantasy ku-Finnish Themes (1953), i-2nd Concert Fantasy (1964); ama-ensembles wezinsimbi zegumbi - 3 izintambo. i-quartet (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), idesimet (1971); okwepiyano - 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), ukuhluka (1957), njll; okwezwi nopiyano – uk. imijikelezo Heart of a Warrior (amagama izimbongi zaseSoviet, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (amagama izimbongi US, 1946-1965), 3 umculo. izithombe (amazwi ka-SA Yesenin, 1960), Lyric cycle (amazwi ka-G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. izinkondlo kanye triptych Autumn namathafa emavesini HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), ezothando on isosha esihlatshelelwayo. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) nabanye; umculo wemidlalo yeshashalazi. t-ra, amamuvi nezinhlelo zomsakazo.

Imisebenzi yemibhalo: Mayelana nomculo we-Yakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (no-I. Shteiman); I-symphony yesi-27 ka-N. Ya. Myaskovsky, encwadini: N. Ya. Myaskovsky. Imibhalo, izincwadi, izikhumbuzo, vol. 1, M., 1959; Izinkumbulo zikathisha, ibid.; G. Berlioz - R. Strauss - S. Gorchakov. Ohlelweni lwesiRashiya lwe-Berlioz ethi “Treatise”, “SM”, 1974, No 1; Izinsimbi ezimbili ezincane. (Ukuhlaziya okuhlanganisiwe kwemidlalo ka-O. Messiaen no-V. Lutoslavsky), ngo-Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 9, M., 1975.

References: U-Belyaev V., Imisebenzi ye-Symphonic ka-N. Peiko, "SM", 1947, No 5; Boganova T., Mayelana nomculo ka-N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. eyakhe, Vocal Lyrics by N. Peiko kanye nomjikelezo wakhe emavesini ka N. Zabolotsky, in Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974.