Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian (Pavel Lisitsian) |

Pavel Lisitsian

Wazalwa ngoNovemba 6, 1911 eVladikavkaz. Ubaba - Lisitsian Gerasim Pavlovich. Umama - uLisitsian Srbui Manukovna. Unkosikazi - Dagmar Alexandrovna Lisitsian. Izingane: Ruzanna Pavlovna, Ruben Pavlovich, Karina Pavlovna, Gerasim Pavlovich. Bonke bathola imfundo ephakeme yomculo, baba abadlali abadumile, abahlonishwayo bemincintiswano yamazwe ngamazwe, baneziqu ze-People's Artists of Armenia, Abaculi Abahlonishwayo baseRussia.

Umkhulu ka-PG Lisitsian, naye u-Pavel Gerasimovich, wayengumshayeli. Ubaba wayesebenza njenge-drill foreman. Khona-ke wahlela imboni yokukhiqiza amabhokisi kagwayi (uyise womqondisi omkhulu wemidlalo yaseshashalazini u-Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Bagrationi Vakhtangov, wamnikeza imali kule nkampani). UGerasim Pavlovich wathenga imishini eFinland, wamisa ukukhiqiza, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili wakhokha izikweletu zakhe ngokugcwele. Nokho, ngemva kokuvukela umbuso, imboni yenziwa izwe futhi ubaba waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele emsebenzini wobungcweti bokubhola.

Umndeni wakwaLisitsian wajabulela inhlonipho ekhethekile emphakathini wase-Armenia futhi ngenxa yomculo ongajwayelekile wawo wonke amalungu omndeni - umama nobaba, nodadewabo omdala uRuzanna, futhi kusukela esemncane uPavel ngokwakhe - wonke umuntu wayecula ekwayeni yesonto lase-Armenia, amahora okungcebeleka agcwele umculo . Kakade eneminyaka emine, umculi wesikhathi esizayo, ehlezi ethangeni labadala bakhe, wanikeza amakhonsathi akhe okuqala - wenza yedwa kanye ne-duet noyise hhayi kuphela isi-Armenian, kodwa nezingoma zomdabu zaseRussia, zase-Ukraine naseNeapolitan. Kamuva, iminyaka eminingana yokufunda ekwayeni ngaphansi kokuqondisa komeluleki ozwelayo, ofunde kakhulu - abaqambi uSardaryan noManukyan - babambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bukaPavel Lisitsian. Ukukhula komfana emculweni kwakunemisebenzi eminingi futhi kushubile - wafunda i-cello, wathatha izifundo zepiyano, wadlala ku-orchestra yezimfundamakhwela ... Ukwenza umculo wasekhaya nakho kwamlethela izinzuzo ezibalulekile: abadlali abavakashile babethanda ukuvakashela umndeni onomoya wokungenisa izihambi, futhi ubusuku baphela ngokuzenzakalelayo. amakhonsathi. KuPawulu, isikhathi eside njengoba ekhumbula, ukucula kwakungokwemvelo njengokukhuluma noma ukuphefumula. Kodwa abazali bengane abazange balungiselele umsebenzi womculo. Amathuluzi okukhiya nawokubaza kusukela esemncane ayejwayelekile kumfana futhi engaphansi kwakhe njengomculo.

Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni seminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, uPavel washiya indlu yabazali bakhe ukuze asebenze ngokuzimela. Impilo ye-Nomadic yaqala ekuhloleni komhlaba, amaqembu okumba idayimane. Ngo-1927 - Izimayini zaseSadon eduze kwaseVladikavkaz, uPavel - umfundi womshini wokumba, umsizi, umsizi. 1928 - UMakhuntets eduze kwaseBatumi, usebenza njengomsizi wenkosi. Ngo-1929 - U-Akhalkalaki, ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla kagesi saseTaparavan, uPavel - umpetha wokumba futhi obambe iqhaza njalo emisebenzini yobuciko be-amateur, umculi ohamba yedwa ekwayeni yesintu. Ngemva kwenye yezinkulumo, inhloko yeqembu yanikeza inkosi eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala ithikithi le-Tiflis Geological Administration ku-faculty yesisebenzi yaseLeningrad Conservatory. UPavel wafika eLeningrad ehlobo lika-1930. Kwase kusele izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubhalwa kwezivivinyo zokungena, futhi ngokushesha waqala ukusebenza eBaltic Shipyard. Le nsizwa yayingcweti emsebenzini we-riveter kanye ne-welder kagesi, isando. Kodwa kwadingeka ngihlukane ne-Leningrad Conservatory ngokushesha nje lapho ngiqala ukufunda.

UPavel wangena eBolshoi Drama Theatre njengokwengeziwe. Amanyuvesi etiyetha aqala, okunye ukukhuphuka kwezinyathelo zobungcweti kwakuzoba - ukusuka kokungeziwe kuya kundunankulu. Umsebenzi wenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona amakhosi nsuku zonke, ukuphefumula umoya wezigcawu, ujoyine amasiko esikole saseRussia esibambayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umculi wathola idiploma yemfundo ephakeme kakade lapho esemdala, ekubeni umuntu ofunde kakhulu futhi Umculi Wabantu wase-USSR - wathweswa iziqu e-Yerevan Conservatory njengomfundi wangaphandle ngo-1960.

Etiyetha, owengeziwe omncane waphathiswa ukusebenza kwenombolo eyedwa - uthando lukaShaporin "Night Zephyr". Lokhu kudlalwa e-Bolshoi Drama Theatre kungabhekwa njengesiqalo sezwi lomculi. Ngo-1932, uPavel uqala kabusha izifundo zokucula ezivamile nothisha MM Levitskaya. Ekugcineni, uhlamvu lwezwi lakhe lwanqunywa - i-baritone. Levitskaya walungiselela uPavel ukungena ekolishi lomculo, lapho aqala khona ukufunda noZS Dolskaya. U-Lisitsian wachitha iminyaka emithathu kuphela ekwazi ukuhlakanipha kokucula nokucubungula izwi lakhe - kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1935. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho u-AI Orfenov abonga khona ubuciko bakhe bezwi obuvuthiwe. U-Lisitsian wayenothisha ababili bezwi, bengabali u-Battistini, kodwa phakathi kothisha abamsiza ukuba afunde kahle izindawo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, ubiza abaningi kakhulu, futhi, okokuqala, abadlali bopiyano-abaphathi bekhonsathi A. Meerovich, M. Sakharov, umqambi A. Dolukhanyan, abaqhubi S. Samosud, A. Ter-Hovhannisyan, V. Nebolsin, A. Pazovsky, A. Melik-Pashaev, umqondisi B. Pokrovsky…

Ngokushesha nje lapho eqala ukufunda esikoleni sobuchwepheshe, uPavel waba umculi oyedwa we-First Youth Opera House. Ekhuluma nge-Rossini's Barber yaseSeville engxenyeni encane, akazange abonakale. Ukubuyekezwa okunyathelisiwe ephephandabeni laseLeningrad i-Smena kwakunomdlandla. Kodwa, ngeshwa, maduzane, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo, yaseshashalazini yentsha yahlakazwa. Omunye unyaka wokufunda ekolishi lomculo, kuhlangene nokusebenza kanzima - ukushisela amathangi egesi amakhulu efektri - futhi futhi yaseshashalazini, manje iqembu lentsha leLeningrad Maly Opera Theatre.

Iminyaka ka-1935-1937 mhlawumbe ibaluleke kakhulu futhi inquma ku-biography yokudala yomculi. Wenza ingxenye yesibili ngisho neyesithathu, kodwa kwakuyisikole esihle kakhulu! USamuil Abramovich Samosud, umqhubi oyinhloko wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, umculi ovelele we-opera, wamnakekela ngokucophelela umculi osemusha, edlala ngisho nezingxenye ezinesizotha kakhulu naye. Umsebenzi ngaphansi kokuqondisa komqhubi wase-Austrian, ngaleyo minyaka inhloko ye-symphony orchestra ye-Leningrad Philharmonic, uFritz Stiedry, nayo yanikeza okuningi. Umhlangano nomculi wekwaya u-Aram Ter-Hovhannisyan wajabulisa kakhulu uLisitsian.

Ngo-1933, ukusebenza kwaqala emakilabhini abasebenzi, izindlu zamasiko, izikole ... umsebenzi wekhonsathi kaLisitsian, owathatha iminyaka engu-45. Ungumdlali oyedwa wehhovisi lekhonsathi nethiyetha Lengosakteatrov. Ngo-1936, uLisitsian walungiselela futhi wacula ehholo lekhonsathi laseCapella ehlangene no-AB Meerovich ingxenye yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe - ezothando nguBorodin, Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov. Naphezu komthwalo omkhulu womsebenzi, umculi uthola isikhathi namathuba okukhula kwengqondo. Ufunda iminyuziyamu kanye nezakhiwo zedolobha, ufunda okuningi. "Isikole" seLeningrad Philharmonic saletha izinzuzo eziyigugu zikaLisitsian.

1937 waletha izinguquko ezintsha isiphetho sakhe kwezobuciko. Umculi uthola isimemo ku-Yerevan Opera ne-Ballet Theatre eqanjwe ngo-Spendiarov ngezingxenye zokuqala. Iminyaka emithathu nengxenye yomsebenzi e-Armenia yayithela kakhulu - wenza izindima eziyishumi nanhlanu emidlalweni yakudala nesimanje: u-Eugene Onegin, uValentin, uTomsky noYelets, uRobert, uTonio noSilvio, uMaroles no-Escamillo, kanye noMitka noListnitsky ku-The U-Quiet Don , uTatula ku-opera "Almast", Imayini ku- "Anush", i-Tovmas ku-"Dokotela Wamazinyo Wasempumalanga", uGrikora ku-opera "Lusabatzin". Kodwa umculi waba nempumelelo ekhethekile phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yobuciko be-Armenia eMoscow ngo-Okthoba 1939. Wenza izingxenye ezimbili zamaqhawe - uTatul noGrikor, futhi wabamba iqhaza kuwo wonke amakhonsathi abaluleke kakhulu. Ababukeli abanekhono basemadolobheni amakhulu bamthola ngokufudumele lo mculi osemusha, abaholi beBolshoi Theatre bamqaphela futhi abazange bamyeke emehlweni abo. U-Lisitsian uklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi Umculi Ohlonishwayo we-Armenian SSR, uklonyeliswa nge-Order of the Red Banner of Labor, ukhethwa njengesekela loMkhandlu Wedolobha LaseYerevan, futhi uba yilungu leqembu lamaKhomanisi.

Ngokushesha kwaqala isigaba esisha esibalulekile somsebenzi - umculi wamenywa e-Bolshoi Theatre, lapho iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesithupha wayemiselwe ukuba ngumculi ohamba yedwa ohamba phambili. Ukuqala kukaPavel Lisitsian esiteji segatsha leBolshoi Theatre kwenzeka ngo-April 26, 1941. Ukubuyekezwa kwakubuhlungu. Ngaphambi kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II, wakwazi ukucula ingxenye ka-Eugene Onegin kanye nengxenye ye-Yeletsky. Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, ukuqala komculi kwakuwumdlalo othi "The Queen of Spades", owenzeka inyanga ngaphambi kwe "Eugene Onegin", kodwa abezindaba zenhloko-dolobha baphuthelwe ukusebenza futhi baphendule kuphela ekusebenzeni kwengxenye ka-Onegin ngemva kwenyanga, eyethula. njengesiqalo.

Impi isiqalile. Kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba 1941, uPavel Lisitsian, kanye ne-brigade, bahamba ngeziyalezo ze-GlavPURKKA kanye neKomidi ukuze bakhonze i-Western Front, i-Reserve Front of Army General Zhukov, amabutho amahhashi kaGeneral Dovator kanye namanye amayunithi endaweni. yeVyazma, Gzhatsk, Mozhaisk, Vereya, Borodino, Baturin nabanye, eyenziwa kumayunithi ezindiza, izibhedlela, izikhungo zokuphuma eziteshini zikaloliwe. Wahlabelela phambili phambi komlilo, emvuleni ethela izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku. Ngo-September 1941, ngemva kwelinye lamakhonsathi aphambili, lapho umculi ecula khona izingoma zomdabu zase-Armenia ngaphandle kokuphelezelwa, elinye isosha lamnikeza izimbali eziningi zasendle. Kuze kube manje, uPavel Gerasimovich ukhumbula lesi sixha njengento ebiza kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe.

Ngomsebenzi wokuzidela ngaphambili, u-PG Lisitsian waklonyeliswa ngokubonga koMqondisi Wezombangazwe weWestern Front, umyalo webutho lezempi emkhakheni, kanye nezikhali zomuntu siqu ezivela kuGeneral Dovator. Emaphethelweni nangemuva, wacula amakhonsathi angaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu futhi uyaziqhenya ngemiklomelo yezempi - izindondo "For Courage", "For the Liberation of the Caucasus". Futhi ekupheleni kuka-1941, wayiswa esibhedlela saseYerevan esesimweni esibucayi futhi isikhathi eside sasiphakathi kokuphila nokufa.

Ngemva kokululama ekuguleni kwakhe, uLisitsian ucula esiteji se-Yerevan Theatre unyaka nesigamu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ugcwalisa kabusha ingoma yakhe ngezindima zikaKiazo kuDaisi kaPaliashvili kanye no-Count Never eHuguenots kaMeyerbeer, futhi ngo-1943 wabuyela eMoscow, lapho ngoDisemba 3, okokuqala ngemva kwekhefu elide, wenza esiteji. ye-opera yenhloko-dolobha. Usuku Lokunqoba alulibaleki emndenini waseLisitsian hhayi kuphela ngokujabula ezweni lonke ekupheleni kwempi yegazi, kodwa futhi nangesinye isenzakalo esijabulisayo: ngoMeyi 9, 1945, amawele azalwa - uRuzanna noRuben.

Ngo-1946, u-P. Lisitsian wenza ingxenye ye-Germont ku-Verdi's La Traviata, e-Kazbich ku-Bela ka-A. Alexandrov. Ngemva kwalokhu, wenza ingxenye kaKhomishana Ongajwayelekile ku-opera ka-Muradeli ethi The Great Friendship. Umbukiso wokuqala wenziwa ngo-November 1947. Abezindaba bavumelana ngazwi linye ekwazisaseni kwabo umsebenzi kaLisitsian. Ukuhlola okufanayo kwatholwa omunye umsebenzi wakhe - isithombe sikaRyleyev ku-opera kaShaporin ethi "The Decembrists" esiteji seBolshoi Theatre ngo-1953. Ezinye izindima ezintathu kuma-opera abaqambi baseSoviet zenziwa nguLisitsian kulesi siteji: i-anti Belgian anti. -i-fascist patriot u-Andre kuJalil kaNazib Zhiganov, uNapoleon eMpini Yokuthula kaProkofiev. Ku-opera ka-Dzerzhinsky ethi "Isiphetho Somuntu" wacula ingoma edabukisayo ethi "In Memory of Fallen".

NgoJuni 1959, iBolshoi Theatre yadlala i-opera ka-Bizet uCarmen ngokuhlanganyela kukaMario del Monaco. Ingxenye kaCarmen yenziwa ngu-IK Arkhipov. Wabelane ngempumelelo yakhe yokunqoba nozakwabo wase-Italy, kanye no-PG Lisitsian, endimeni ka-Escamillo, waphinde waqinisekisa ukuthi uthando nenhlonipho yomphakathi ngaye akushintshile kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubani ocula eduze kwakhe - konke ukuphuma nokuhamba kwakhe. kusuka ezigcawini kuphelezelwa ihlombe elimile.

U-Pavel Gerasimovich wanqoba ukunqoba okuningi kokudala phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okude nokunezigigaba, ihlombe elihlonishwayo lazwakala ngaphansi kwezingubo ze-La Scala, i-Metropolitan, i-Bolshoi Theatre, zonke ezinye izindlu ze-opera ezingamashumi amathathu nambili ezweni lakithi kanye nezinye eziningi zakwamanye amazwe. Usehambele amazwe angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. E-Bolshoi Theatre yedwa, wachitha izinkathi ezingu-26, imidlalo engu-1800! Phakathi kwezingxenye eziningi ze-baritone eziculwa ngu-Lisitsian, zombili ezinezingoma nezimangalisayo zimelelwa ngokulinganayo kabanzi. Ukuqoshwa kwakhe kusalokhu kungenakuqhathaniswa futhi kusezingeni kuze kube namuhla. Ubuciko bakhe, enqobe indawo nesikhathi, namuhla buyisimanje ngempela, bufanelekile futhi busebenza ngempumelelo.

U-PG Lisitsian, ngokuzinikela othandweni ne-opera, wawazi kahle umsebenzi wegumbi, ukudlala ngamakhonsathi eyedwa.

U-P. Lisitsian naye wakhokha intela ekuhlanganiseni ukwenza umculo: wabuye wacula kuma-chamber duets nozakwabo baseBolshoi Theatre (ikakhulukazi, ohambweni lwaseVienna - usebenza uVarlamov noGlinka noValeria Vladimirovna Barsova), naye wacula ngamaquartets. I-quartet yomndeni wakwaLisitsian iyisenzakalo esiyingqayizivele ekusebenzeni kochwepheshe baseRussia. Baqala ukucula njengeqembu elilodwa ngo-1971, becula zonke izingxenye - i-soprano, i-alto, i-tenor ne-bass - ku-Mozart's Requiem. Ubaba - uPavel Gerasimovich, amadodakazi amabili - uKarina noRuzanna, nendodana uRuben bahlanganiswe emculweni ngobunye bezimiso zobuciko, ukunambitheka okuhle, uthando lwefa elikhulu le-classical. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo enkulu ye-ensemble sisendaweni evamile yobuhle yamalungu ayo, indlela ehlangene yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe nomsindo, kanye nekhono elicwengekile lelungu ngalinye leqembu.

Ngemva kokusebenza izinkathi ezingu-26 e-Bolshoi Theatre, ehlala ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe eMoscow, uLisitsian nokho akakhohlwa ukuthi ungum-Armenia. Kwakungekho isizini eyodwa kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe kokudala lapho engaculi e-Armenia, futhi hhayi kuphela ku-opera, kodwa futhi esiteji sekhonsathi, hhayi emadolobheni amakhulu kuphela, kodwa naphambi kwezisebenzi zasemadolobheni asezintabeni ezikude.

Evakashela umhlaba, uPavel Gerasimovich wayethanda ukuletha emazweni ahlukene futhi anikeze abanikazi bawo izingoma zabo zomdabu, ezenza ngolimi lokuqala. Kodwa uthando lwakhe oluyinhloko izingoma zesi-Armenia nesiRashiya.

Kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1973, uLisitsian wayehlotshaniswa ne-Yerevan Conservatory: okokuqala njengothisha, bese kuba uprofesa kanye nenhloko yomnyango. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe e-USA (1960) nase-Italy (1965), nokho, kanye nolunye uhambo oluningi lwangaphandle, yena, ngaphezu kokubamba iqhaza kumakhonsathi ahlelwe ngaphambilini nemidlalo, wathola amandla nesikhathi sokudlala emiphakathini yase-Armenia. , futhi e-Italy ngisho ngakwazi ukulalela izingane eziningi zase-Armenia ukuze ngikhethe ezifanelekela imfundo yokucula.

U-PG Lisitsian ubambe iqhaza kaningi emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe njengelungu lejaji, okuhlanganisa nomncintiswano owawuse-Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), imiqhudelwano ye-Schumann ne-Bach eMpumalanga Jalimane. Kwaphela iminyaka engu-20 ebambe iqhaza ku-Weimar Music Seminars. Uwine umklomelo weSchumann Prize (idolobha laseZwickau, 1977).

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uPavel Lisitsian ekugcineni wavalelisa esiteji se-opera kanye nesiteji sekhonsathi futhi wahlabelela kuphela ekilasini lokuzilolonga, kodwa wayesamangalisa, ebonisa abafundi bakhe ukuthi benze kanjani lokhu noma lelo binzana, lokhu noma lokho kuvivinya umzimba.

Enhliziyweni yayo yonke imisebenzi kaPavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian yisikhundla sokuphila esinesimiso somuntu osebenza kanzima othanda umsebenzi wakhe awukhethile. Ekubukeni kwakhe akukho futhi akukwazi ukusho "umhlonishwa", ucabanga into eyodwa kuphela - ukuba kudingekile futhi kube usizo kubantu, ebhizinisini lakhe. Iphila ukukhathazeka okungcwele ngomculo, ubuciko, ubuhle, ubuhle.