Okhiye bepiyano nokuhlelwa kwamanothi kubo

Sekukonke, kukhona okhiye abangu-88 kukhibhodi yepiyano, phakathi kwabo abangu-52 abamhlophe, abangu-36 abasele bamnyama. Okhiye abamhlophe bahlelwa bonke ngokulandelana ngaphandle kwezici ezikhethekile, futhi okhiye abamnyama bahlelwa ngamaqembu amabili noma amathathu. Bheka isithombe:

Kokhiye abamhlophe, amanothi ayisikhombisa afanayo aphindaphindwa njalo: DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI. Ukuphindaphinda ngakunye okunjalo ukusuka kunothi elingu-C kuya kunothi elingu-C elilandelayo kubizwa ngokuthi i-OCTAVE. Noma iyiphi inothi ethi DO iphambi kweqembu lokhiye ababili abamnyama, okungukuthi, kwesokunxele kubo, njengokungathi “ngaphansi kwegquma”. Eduze kokhiye we-DO ophiyano ukhiye we-PE, nokunye, zonke izinkinobho zepiyano zihlelwa ngokulandelana. Ake sibheke isithombe:

Ngakho nakhu esikutholile:

• Inothi elithi DO lihlala lingakwesokunxele kokhiye ababili abamnyama.
• Inothi PE itholakala kupiyano phakathi kwezikhiye ezimbili ezimnyama.
• Inothi le-MI lithatha indawo kwesokudla seqembu lokhiye ababili abamnyama.
• Inothi F ingakwesokunxele seqembu lokhiye abathathu abamnyama.
• Amanothi G kanye no-A angaphakathi kweqembu lokhiye abathathu abamnyama.
• Inothi le-SI lincikene nenothi elithi DO futhi litholakala kwesokudla seqembu lokhiye abathathu abamnyama.

Ayini ama-octave kupiyano?

Sesishilo ngenhla ukuthi ukuphindaphinda ngakunye kwesethi yayo yonke imisindo eyisikhombisa kubizwa ngokuthi i-octave. Uhlelo lwe-octave lungafaniswa nesakhiwo esinezitezi eziningi. Izinyathelo ezifanayo zesitebhisi somculo (DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI) ziphindaphindiwe isikhathi ngasinye ekuphakameni okusha, njengokungathi iphansi lesitebhisi likhuphuka kancane kancane.

Ama-octave anamagama awo, alula kakhulu. Imisindo emaphakathi nephezulu ingama-octave, abizwa ngokuthi: FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, FOURTH and FIFTH. I-octave yokuqala ivamise ukuba maphakathi nethuluzi, maphakathi nobubanzi. I-octave yesibili, yesithathu, yesine iphakeme, okungukuthi, ngakwesokudla maqondana ne-octave yokuqala. I-octave yesihlanu ibhekwa njengengaphelele, njengoba kukhona umsindo owodwa kuphela kuyo - inothi elilodwa kuphela elithi DO ngaphandle kokuqhubeka.

Basho ngamanothi atholakala kuma-octave ahlukene: kuze kufike ku-octave yokuqala, kuze kufike ku-octave yesibili, kuze kufike ku-octave yesithathu, njll., usawoti we-octave yokuqala, usawoti we-octave yesithathu, usawoti we-octave yesine, njll. .

Imisindo ye-bass ephansi ibamba ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwekhibhodi yepiyano. Ahlelwe ngama-octave, abizwa ngokuthi: OKUNCANE, OKUKHULU, AMA-CONTROCTAVES, AMA-SUBCONTROCTAVES. I-octave encane iseduze neyokuqala, ngokushesha ngakwesobunxele sayo. Ngezansi, okungukuthi, ngakwesobunxele, kwipiyano - okhiye be-octave enkulu, bese - ama-counteroctaves. I-subcontroctave ayiphelele, inokhiye ababili abamhlophe - la no-si.

Okhiye abamnyama benzani?

Sithole kancane ngokhiye abamhlophe bepiyano - baqukethe amanothi amakhulu DO RE MI FA SOL LA kanye ne-SI ngama-octave ahlukene. Futhi-ke, okhiye abamnyama kupiyano babenzelani? Ingabe okokuqondisa nje? Kuvela ukuthi akunjalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi emculweni kukhona amanothi ayisisekelo (izinyathelo), kukhona eziyisikhombisa zazo, futhi ngaphandle kwazo kunezinyathelo ezitholakalayo, ezitholakala ngokuphakamisa noma ukwehlisa eziyisisekelo. Ukwanda kwesinyathelo kuboniswa igama elithi SHARP, futhi ukuncipha kuboniswa igama elithi FLAT.

Kumanothi omculo, izimpawu ezikhethekile zisetshenziselwa ukukhomba ama-sharps namaflethi. Uhlaka olucijile i-lattice encane (njenge-lattice njengakukhibhodi yefoni yakho), ebekwa ngaphambi kwenothi. I-flat (kusuka ku-French - soft "be") ifana nophawu oluthambile lwaseRussia, kuphela olukhombe ngaphezulu ngezansi noma uhlamvu lwesiLatini b, lolu phawu, njengolubukhali, lubekwe phambi kwenothi (ngaphambi kwesikhathi).

KUBALULEKILE! Ukuphakamisa noma ukwehlisa okubukhali nokuphansi, okungukuthi, kushintsha inothi nge-SEMITOONE. I-Semitone - ingabe kuningi noma kuncane? I-semitone kukhibhodi yepiyano ibanga elincane phakathi kokhiye ababili. Okusho ukuthi, uma udlala zonke izihluthulelo zepiyano ngokulandelana, ngaphandle kokweqa okumhlophe nokumnyama, khona-ke kuzoba nebanga le-semitone phakathi kokhiye ababili abaseduze.

Futhi uma sidinga ukudlala uhlobo oluthile olubukhali, khona-ke sivele sithathe ukhiye oyisemitone phezulu, okungukuthi, hhayi u-DO ovamile omhlophe, RE noma MI, kodwa omnyama owulandelayo (noma omhlophe, uma kukhona akukho mnyama eduze). Ake sibone izibonelo ezithile:

Kwenzeka ukuthi amanothi amabili - i-mi-sharp ne-c-sharp aqondane nezinye izihluthulelo. I-MI SHARP iyafana nokhiye we-FA, futhi i-C SHARP iyafana nokhiye u-C. Kulezi zici ezibukhali, zazingekho izihluthulelo ezimnyama ezihlukene, ngakho izikhiye ezimhlophe ezingomakhelwane "zabahlenga". Akukho okumele ukumangale, emculweni kuyenzeka lokhu. Lesi sakhiwo esithakazelisayo, lapho imisindo izwakala ifana ncamashi, kodwa ibizwa ngokuhlukile, inegama elithi ENHARMONISM (ENHARMONIC EQUALITY).

Uma sidinga ukuthatha isicaba kupiyano, ngakho-ke, ngokuphambene nalokho, sidinga ukudlala ukhiye we-semitone ephansi, okungukuthi, ngakwesobunxele, ukhiye oza ngaphambi kwalowo oyinhloko. Futhi lapha, futhi, kuzoba nezimo zokulingana kwe-enharmonic: I-F-FLAT iqondana nokhiye we-MI, kanye no-C-FLAT nokhiye we-SI. Ake sibone manje wonke amanye amafulethi:

Ngakho-ke, izihluthulelo ezimnyama kukhibhodi yepiyano zenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabili othakazelisayo kakhulu: kwamanye amanothi abukhali, kanti amanye angamafulethi. Uma usifunde kahle isifundo sanamuhla, ungakwazi kalula ukusho lezi zilinganiso ezibalulekile. Uma usebenza nengane, qiniseka ukuthi umbuze ngakho ukuze lo mcabango ekhanda lakhe ubekwe kangcono. Ngendlela, uma uzofunda ukubhala umculo nengane yakho, khona-ke sinesiqondiso esihle sokukusiza - Indlela yokufunda umculo nengane? Siyakwamukela kuleli khasi!

Bangane abathandekayo! Ingabe lesi sihloko sakusiza nganoma iyiphi indlela? Yimiphi imibuzo oshiye ingakaphendulwa? Yini enye ongathanda ukuyazi kithi mayelana nomhlaba womculo? Bhala imicabango nezifiso zakho kumazwana. Awukho umlayezo wakho ongeke unakwe.