I-clavichord - umanduleli wepiyano

I-CLAVICHORD (i-Latin clavichordium engasekho, kusukela ku-Latin clavis - key kanye ne-Greek χορδή - string) - insimbi yomculo yekhibhodi enezintambo ezishaya ngokushaya - ingezinye zangaphambili zopiyano.

Ngaphandle, i-clavichord ibukeka njengepiyano. Izingxenye zayo nazo ziyikesi elinekhibhodi nezitendi ezine. Nokho, kulapho ukufana kuphela khona. Umsindo we-clavichord ukhishwe ngenxa ye-tangent mechanics. Yayiyini indlela enjalo? Ekupheleni kokhiye, i-clavichord inephini lensimbi enekhanda eliyisicaba - i-tangent (kusuka ku-Latin tangens - ukuthinta, ukuthinta), okuthi, lapho ukhiye ucindezelwa, uthinte intambo futhi uhlale ucindezelwe ngokumelene nayo, uhlukanisa intambo. zibe izingxenye ezi-2:

1. ukudlidliza ngokukhululekile nokwenza umsindo;
2. embozwe nge-braid ethambile.

Kuye ngokuthi i-tangent ithinte kuphi, intambo efanayo ingakhipha umsindo wemisindo ehlukene.

I-clavichords yayiyizinhlobo ezimbili:

• labo abasebenzisa intambo efanayo yamathoni ahlukene - okuthiwa ama-clavichords axhunyiwe - ama-tangents wezihluthulelo ezingu-2-3 asebenze kuchungechunge olulodwa (isibonelo, kuma-clavichords anezihluthulelo ezingu-46, inani lezintambo lalingu-22-26);
• labo lapho ithoni ngayinye (ukhiye) inezintambo zayo - "mahhala" ama-clavichords - kuzo ukhiye ngamunye uhambisana nentambo ekhethekile.

(A/B) okhiye; (1A/1B) PTTs (insimbi); (2A/2B) okhiye; (3) intambo (ngokunembile, ingxenye yayo ekhalayo lapho i-tangent ishaywa); (4) i-soundboard; (5) iphinikhodi yokulungisa; (6) damper

Ngezinye izikhathi i-octave ephansi ye-clavichord yayifushaniswa - ingxenye ye-diatonic. Ukufudumala nokuzwakalisa, ububele kanye nobumnandi bomsindo wensimbi kunqunywa indlela ekhethekile yokukhiqiza umsindo - ngokucophelela, njengokungathi ukuthinta okunwabuzelayo kukhiye. Inyakazisa kancane ukhiye ocindezelwe (oxhunywe entanjeni), kwakungenzeka ukunikeza umsindo ukudlidliza. Le nqubo yaba yindlela yokudlala eyisici sokudlala i-clavichord, okwakungenakwenzeka kwezinye izinsimbi zekhibhodi.

Umlando kanye nefomu

I-clavichord ingenye yezinsimbi zekhibhodi ezindala kakhulu futhi isuselwa ku-monochord yasendulo. Igama elithi "clavichord" lashiwo okokuqala emibhalweni kusukela ngo-1396, kanti ithuluzi elidala kunawo wonke elasinda ladalwa ngo-1543 nguDomenicus Pisaurensis futhi manje likuMnyuziyamu waseLeipzig of Musical Instruments.

I-Clavichord yasakazwa kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Ekuqaleni, yayinomumo webhokisi elingunxande futhi yalala etafuleni phakathi nomdlalo. Kamuva, isidumbu sahlonywa imilenze. Ubukhulu be-clavichord babusuka kumathuluzi amancane amise okwebhuku (octave) kuya kwezinkulu ngokuqhathaniswa, ezinomzimba ongafika kumamitha angu-1,5 ubude. Inani lama-octave ekuqaleni lalimabili nengxenye kuphela, kodwa kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX lenyuka lafinyelela kwamane, kwathi kamuva lalingana nama-octave amahlanu.

Umqambi kanye ne-clavichord

 Kwi-clavichord, imisebenzi yadalwa abaqambi abakhulu njengo-IS Bach, indodana yakhe u-CFE Bach, u-VA Mozart kanye no-L. van Beethoven (nakuba ngesikhathi sakamuva, upiyano lwangena emfashinini ngokushesha okukhulu - insimbi UBeethoven wayethanda ngempela). Ngenxa yomsindo wayo othule, i-clavichord yayisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi empilweni yasekhaya nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. ekugcineni ithathelwe indawo yi-pianoforte.