I-Désirée Artôt |

UDesiree Artot

U-Artaud, umculi waseFrance odabuka eBelgian, wayenezwi elingavamile, wenza izingxenye ze-mezzo-soprano, idrama kanye ne-lyric-coloratura soprano.

U-Desiree Artaud de Padilla (igama lentombi uMarguerite Josephine Montaney) wazalwa ngo-July 21, 1835. Kusukela ngo-1855 wafunda noM. Odran. Kamuva waya esikoleni esihle kakhulu ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaPauline Viardo-Garcia. Ngaleso sikhathi wabuye wadlala emakhonsathini ezigabeni zaseBelgium, Holland naseNgilandi.

Ngo-1858, umculi osemusha wenza i-debut yakhe eParis Grand Opera (Meyerbeer's The Prophet) futhi ngokushesha wathatha isikhundla se-prima donna. Khona-ke u-Artaud wenza emazweni ahlukene kokubili esiteji nasesiteji sekhonsathi.

Ngo-1859 wacula ngempumelelo neNkampani ye-Lorini Opera yase-Italy. Ngo-1859-1860 wavakashela eLondon njengomculi wekhonsathi. Kamuva, ngo-1863, 1864 no-1866, wenza "i-Albion enenkungu" njengomculi we-opera.

E-Russia, u-Artaud wenza ngempumelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-Moscow Italian Opera (1868-1870, 1875/76) naseSt. Petersburg (1871/72, 1876/77).

U-Artaud wafika eRussia esezuze udumo olubanzi lwase-Europe. Ububanzi bezwi lakhe lwamvumela ukuba abhekane kahle nezingxenye ze-soprano ne-mezzo-soprano. Uhlanganise ubukhazikhazi be-coloratura nedrama yokucula kwakhe. UDonna Anna kuDon Giovanni kaMozart, uRosina kwekaRossini ethi The Barber of Seville, Violetta, Gilda, Aida kuma-opera ka-Verdi, u-Valentina kwekaMeyerbeer ethi Les Huguenots, uMarguerite ku-Gounod's Faust – udlale zonke lezi zindima ngomculo nekhono elihlabayo. . Akumangalisi ukuthi ubuciko bakhe bakhanga ochwepheshe abaqinile njengoBerlioz noMeyerbeer.

Ngo-1868, u-Artaud waqala ukubonakala esiteji saseMoscow, lapho aba khona umhlobiso wenkampani ye-opera yase-Italy i-Merelli. Nansi indaba yomhlaziyi womculo odumile uG. Laroche: “Iqembu lakhiwe ngabaculi besigaba sesihlanu nesesithupha, abangenamaphimbo, abangenaziphiwo; okuwukuphela kwento kodwa ephawulekayo kwakuyintombazane eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala enobuso obubi nobunothando, eyayisanda kuqala ukukhuluphala yabe isiguga ngokushesha kokubili ngokubukeka nangezwi. Ngaphambi kokufika kwakhe eMoscow, amadolobha amabili - iBerlin neWarsaw - amthanda kakhulu. Kodwa akukho ndawo lapho avusa khona isasasa elikhulu nelobungane njengaseMoscow. Kwabaningi bentsha yomculo yangaleso sikhathi, ikakhulukazi uPyotr Ilyich, u-Artaud, njengokungathi, ungumuntu wokucula okumangalisayo, unkulunkulukazi we-opera, ehlanganisa izipho ezivame ukuhlakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Efakwe upiyano oncomekayo futhi ecula kahle kakhulu, wajabulisa isixuku ngeziqhumane zeziqhumane nezikali, futhi kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yomculo wakhe yayizinikele kulolu hlangothi lobuciko be-virtuoso; kodwa ubungqabavu obungavamile kanye nezinkondlo zokukhuluma kubonakala kuphakamisa umculo oyisisekelo kwesinye isikhathi ufike ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lobuciko. I-timbre encane, enokhahlo kancane yezwi layo yayiphefumula okukhangayo okungachazeki, izwakala ingenandaba futhi inothando. U-Artaud wayemubi; kodwa uzobe enephutha kakhulu ocabanga ukuthi ngobunzima obukhulu, ngokusebenzisa izimfihlo zobuciko kanye nendlu yangasese, waphoqeleka ukuba alwe nombono ongemuhle owenziwa ukubonakala kwakhe. Wanqoba izinhliziyo futhi wangcolisa ingqondo kanye nobuhle obungenasici. Ubumhlophe obumangalisayo bomzimba, ipulasitiki engavamile kanye nomusa wokunyakaza, ubuhle bezingalo nentamo kwakungeyona isikhali kuphela: kukho konke ukungahambi kahle kobuso, kwakune-charm emangalisayo.

Ngakho, phakathi kwabalandeli abashiseka kakhulu be-prima donna yesiFulentshi kwakunguTchaikovsky. “Ngizizwa nginesidingo,” evuma kuMfoweth’ uModest, “ukuba ngithulule engikubonile enhliziyweni yakho yobuciko. Ukube bewazi ukuthi hlobo luni lomculi nomlingisikazi u-Artaud. Angikaze nanini ngihlabeke umxhwele ngeciko njengalesi sikhathi. Futhi yeka indlela engidabuka ngayo ngokuthi awukwazi ukuzwa nokumbona! Ungakuncoma kanjani ukushukuma komzimba nomusa wokunyakaza nokuma!

Ingxoxo yaze yaphendukela emshadweni. UTchaikovsky wabhalela uyise: “Ngahlangana no-Artaud entwasahlobo, kodwa ngahlangana naye kanye kuphela, ngemva kokuhlomula kwakhe esidlweni sakusihlwa. Ngemva kokubuya kwakhe kulekwindla, kwaze kwaphela inyanga ngingamvakashele. Sahlangana ngenhlanhla ngobusuku obubodwa bomculo; wazwakalisa ukumangala ngokuthi angizange ngimvakashele, ngathembisa ukumvakashela, kodwa ngangingeke ngigcine isithembiso sami (ngenxa yokungakwazi kwami ​​ukujwayelana nabantu abasha) ukube u-Anton Rubinstein, owayedabula eMoscow, akazange angidonsele kuye. . Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, cishe zonke izinsuku, ngaqala ukuthola izincwadi zesimemo ezivela kuye, futhi kancane kancane ngajwayela ukumvakashela nsuku zonke. Ngokushesha savuselana imizwa yothando, futhi ngokushesha savuma izono zethu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi lapha umbuzo waphakama ngomshado osemthethweni, okuyinto sobabili esiyifisa kakhulu futhi okufanele yenzeke ehlobo, uma kungekho lutho oluphazamisayo. Kodwa lokho amandla, ukuthi kukhona ezinye izithiyo. Okokuqala, unina, ohlala naye njalo futhi unethonya elikhulu endodakazini yakhe, uyaphikisana nomshado, ethola ukuthi ngisemncane kakhulu endodakazini yakhe, futhi, cishe, esaba ukuthi ngizomphoqa ukuba ahlale eRussia. Okwesibili, abangani bami, ikakhulukazi u-N. Rubinstein, basebenzisa imizamo enamandla kakhulu ukuze ngingafezi uhlelo lomshado oluhlongozwayo. Bathi njengoba sengingumyeni womculi odumile ngizodlala indima ebuhlungu kakhulu yomyeni womkami, okusho ukuthi ngizomlandela kuwo wonke amagumbi ase-Europe, ngiphile ngezindleko zakhe, ngizolahlekelwa umkhuba futhi ngeke ekwazi ukusebenza ... Kungakwazi ukuvimbela ukuthi leli shwa libe nokwenzeka ngesinqumo sakhe sokushiya isiteji futhi ayohlala eRussia - kodwa uthi, naphezu kwalo lonke uthando lwakhe kimi, akakwazi ukunquma ukushiya isiteji lapho ekhona. ejwayele futhi okumlethela udumo nemali ... Njengoba engeke anqume ukuphuma esiteji, mina, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngiyangabaza ukudela ikusasa lami ngenxa yakhe, ngoba akungabazeki ukuthi ngizophucwa ithuba lokuqhubekela phambili. indlela yami uma ngiyilandela ngobumpumputhe.

Ngokombono wanamuhla, akumangalisi ukuthi, ngemva kokushiya iRussia, u-Artaud washada ngokushesha nomculi we-baritone waseSpain uM. Padilla y Ramos.

Ngama-70s, kanye nomyeni wakhe, wacula ngempumelelo ku-opera e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. U-Artaud wayehlala eBerlin phakathi kuka-1884 no-1889 futhi kamuva eParis. Kusukela ngo-1889, eshiya isiteji, wafundisa, phakathi kwabafundi - S. Arnoldson.

UTchaikovsky wagcina imizwa yobungane ngomculi. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ngemva kokuhlukana, ngesicelo sika-Artaud, wakha izithandani eziyisithupha ezisekelwe ezinkondlweni zezimbongi zaseFrance.

U-Artaud wabhala: “Ekugcineni, mngane wami, uthando lwakho lusezandleni zami. Impela, u-4, 5, no-6 mihle, kodwa eyokuqala iyathandeka futhi iyintsha ngokujabulisayo. “Ukudumala” Ngikuthanda ngokwedlulele – ngamafuphi nje, ngiyayithanda inzalo yakho entsha futhi ngiyaziqhenya ngokuthi uyidalile, ucabanga ngami.

Ngemva kokuhlangana nomculi eBerlin, umqambi wabhala: “Ngachitha ubusuku noNkz. Artaud noGrieg, inkumbulo yayo engasoze yasuswa enkumbulweni yami. Kokubili ubuntu nobuciko balo mculi buthandeka ngendlela engenakuvinjelwa njengakuqala.”

U-Artaud washona ngo-Ephreli 3, 1907 eBerlin.