Faustina Bordoni |

UFaustina Bordoni

Izwi likaBordoni-Hasse lalimanzi ngendlela emangalisayo. Akekho owayekwazi ukuphinda umsindo ofanayo ngesivinini esingaka ngaphandle kwakhe, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayekwazi ukubamba inothi ngokungapheli.

"U-Hasse-Bordoni wangena emlandweni we-opera house njengomunye wabameleli abakhulu be-bel canto vocal school," kubhala u-SM Grishchenko. – Izwi lomculi lalinamandla futhi liguquguquka, lihlukile ngokukhanya nokuhamba; ukucula kwakhe bekuhlukaniswa ngobuhle obukhangayo bomsindo, ukuhlukahluka kombala kwephalethi ye-timbre, ukuvezwa okumangalisayo kwemisho nokucaca kwegama, inkulumo emangazayo nge-cantilena ehamba kancane, emnandi kanye nobuhle obumangalisayo ekusebenzeni kwama-trill, fioritura, mordents, iziqephu ezenyukayo nezehlayo ... ingcebo yezithunzi eziguqukayo (kusuka e-fortissimo ecebile kuya ku-pianissimo eningi ethambile). U-Hasse-Bordoni wayenomqondo ocashile wesitayela, ithalente lobuciko eligqamile, ukudlala kahle esiteji, kanye nentelezi eyivelakancane.”

UFaustina Bordoni wazalwa ngo-1695 (ngokweminye imithombo, ngo-1693 noma ngo-1700) eVenice. Wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile waseVenetian, wakhulela endlini yezicukuthwane ka-I. Renier-Lombria. Lapha uFaustina wahlangana noBenedetto Marcello futhi waba umfundi wakhe. Le ntombazane yafundela ukucula eVenice, ePieta Conservatory, noFrancesco Gasparini. Wabe esethuthuka nomculi odumile we-castrato u-Antonio Bernacchi.

U-Bordoni waqala ukubonakala esiteji se-opera ngo-1716 enkundleni yemidlalo yaseVenetian "San Giovanni Crisostomo" ku-premiere ye-opera "Ariodante" ka-C.-F. I-Pollarolo. Khona-ke, esiteji esifanayo, wenza izindima eziyinhloko ekuqalisweni kwe-opera ethi "Eumeke" ka-Albinoni kanye ne-"Alexander Sever" kaLotti. Kakade ukusebenza kokuqala komculi osemusha kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Ngokushesha uBordoni waduma, waba omunye wabaculi base-Italy abadume kakhulu. Abantu baseVenetians abashisekayo bamnike isiteketiso esisha seSirena.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-1719 umhlangano wokuqala wokudala phakathi komculi noCuzzoni wenziwa eVenice. Ubani owayengacabanga ukuthi esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi bazoba abahlanganyeli empini edumile ye-internecine eLondon.

Eminyakeni 1718-1723 Bordoni izinkambo kulo lonke elase-Italy. Udlala, ikakhulukazi, eVenice, Florence, Milan (Ducale Theatre), Bologna, Naples. Ngo-1723 umculi wavakashela eMunich, futhi ngo-1724/25 wacula eVienna, Venice naseParma. Izinkokhelo zenkanyezi zinhle kakhulu - kufika kuma-guilder ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 ngonyaka! Phela, uBordoni akaculi kahle kuphela, kodwa futhi muhle futhi uhloniphekile.

Umuntu angaqonda ukuthi kwakunzima kangakanani nge-Handel “ukuyenga” inkanyezi enjalo. Umqambi odumile weza eVienna, enkantolo yoMbusi uCharles VI, ikakhulukazi eBordoni. I-prima donna yakhe "endala" e-"Kingstier" Cuzzoni yayinomntwana, udinga ukuyidlala iphephile. Umqambi wakwazi ukwenza isivumelwano noBordoni, emnikeza amakhilogremu angama-500 ngaphezu kweCuzzoni.

Futhi manje amaphephandaba aseLondon agcwele amahlebezi mayelana ne-prima donna entsha. Ngo-1726, umculi wacula okokuqala esiteji seRoyal Theatre ku-opera entsha ka-Handel u-Alexander.

Umlobi odumile uRomain Rolland kamuva wabhala:

“I-London Opera inikezwe ama-castrati nama-prima donnas, kanye nezifiso zabavikeli babo. Ngo-1726, kwafika umculi wase-Italy owayedume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, uFaustina. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imidlalo yaseLondon yaphenduka imiqhudelwano yama-larynx kaFaustina noCuzzoni, aqhudelana ngamaphimbo - imiqhudelwano ehambisana nokukhala kwabasekeli babo abalwayo. U-Handel kwadingeka abhale i-“Alessandro” yakhe (May 5, 1726) ukuze enze impimpi yobuciko phakathi kwalezi zinkanyezi ezimbili zeqembu, ezazicula indima yamakhosikazi amabili ka-Alexander. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ithalenta likaHandel elimangalisayo lazibonakalisa ezigcawini eziningana ezinhle e-Admeto (Januwari 31, 1727), ubuhle obubonakala buheha izethameli. Kodwa ukuqhudelana kwabaculi akuzange nje kuphole kulokhu, kodwa kwashuba nakakhulu. Iqembu ngalinye laligcina amapheshana okuhola akhipha amalambu amabi kwabamelene nawo. UCuzzoni noFaustina bafikelwa yintukuthelo enkulu kangangokuthi ngoJuni 6, 1727, babambana izinwele esiteji balwa kwaze kwahlokoma ihholo lonke kukhona iNkosazana yaseWales.

Kusukela lapho, yonke into iye yabheka phansi. U-Handel wazama ukuqoqa izintambo, kodwa, njengoba umngane wakhe u-Arbuthnot esho, "udeveli wakhululeka": kwakungenakwenzeka ukumfaka eketangeni futhi. Icala lalahleka, naphezu kwemisebenzi emithathu emisha ka-Handel, lapho umbani wobuhlakani bakhe ukhanya ... Umcibisholo omncane odutshulwe uJohn Gay kanye noPepush, okungukuthi: "I-Beggars Opera" ("I-Opera Yabaceli"), yaqeda ukunqotshwa kweqembu. ILondon Opera Academy… "

UBordoni wenza eLondon iminyaka emithathu, ebamba iqhaza emikhiqizweni yokuqala ye-opera ka-Handel ethi Admet, King of Thessaly (1727), uRichard I, iNkosi yaseNgilandi (1727), uKoresi, iNkosi yasePheresiya (1728), uPtolemy, inkosi yaseGibhithe. ” (1728). Lo mculi uphinde wacula ku-Astyanax ka-J.-B. Bononcini ngo-1727.

Ngemva kokusuka eLondon ngo-1728, iBordoni yavakashela iParis namanye amadolobha aseFrance. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kokuqala kwe-Albinoni's Fortitude in Trial eDucal Theatre yaseMilan. Ngesizini ka-1728/29, umculi wacula eVenice, kwathi ngo-1729 wacula eParma naseMunich. Ngemva kokuvakasha e-Turin Theatre "Reggio" ngo-1730, uBordoni wabuyela eVenice. Lapha, ngo-1730, wahlangana nomqambi waseJalimane uJohann Adolf Hasse, owayesebenza njengomphathi webhendi eVenice.

UHasse ungomunye wabaqambi abadumile bangaleso sikhathi. Yilokhu uRomain Rolland akunikeza umqambi ongumJalimane: “U-Hasse wadlula u-Porpora ngokukhangayo kwezingoma zakhe, lapho uMozart kuphela owayelingana naye, futhi ngesipho sakhe sokuba ne-orchestra, ebonakala ngokuhambisana nezinsimbi zakhe ezinothile, ezihambisana nomculo omnandi kunomculo. ezicula. …”

Ngo-1730, umculi nomqambi bahlanganiswa ngomshado. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uFaustina wayedlala indima enkulu kuma-opera omyeni wakhe.

“Umbhangqwana osemusha ngo-1731 uya eDresden, enkantolo yoMqoki waseSaxony Augustus II Onamandla,” kubhala u-E. Tsodokov. - Isikhathi saseJalimane sempilo nomsebenzi we-prima donna edumile siyaqala. Umyeni ophumelelayo, osechwepheshile ubuciko bokujabulisa izindlebe zomphakathi, ubhala i-opera ngemva kwe-opera (engama-56 esewonke), inkosikazi icula kuyo. Le “bhizinisi” iletha imali enkulu (ama-thaler angu-6000 ngonyaka komunye nomunye). Eminyakeni 1734-1763, phakathi nokubusa kuka-Augustus III (indodana ka-Augustus the Strong), uHasse wayengumqhubi unomphela we-Italian Opera eDresden ...

Ikhono likaFaustina laqhubeka livusa ukuthakasela. Ngo-1742, uFrederick Omkhulu wamncoma.

Amakhono okwenza umculi ahlonishwa ngu-Johann Sebastian Bach omkhulu, umbhangqwana owawunobungane naye. Nakhu akubhalayo encwadini yakhe ngomqambi u-SA Morozov:

“U-Bach uphinde wagcina ubudlelwano obunobungani nesihlabani somculo saseDresden, umbhali wama-opera, uJohann Adolf Hasse ...

Iciko elikhululekile nelizimele, elinesizotha ngokwezwe, u-Hasse wagcina isiJalimane esincane kuye ngisho nangokubukeka. Ikhala elibheke phezulu ngaphansi kwesiphongo esigobile, isimo sobuso saseningizimu, izindebe ezivusa inkanuko, isilevu esigcwele. Enethalente elimangalisayo, ulwazi olubanzi lwezincwadi zomculo, yena-ke, wajabula ukuthola ku-organist yaseJalimane, i-bandmaster kanye nomqambi wesifundazwe saseLeipzig, ngemuva kwakho konke, u-interlocutor owazi umsebenzi wabaqambi bomculo base-Italy nabaFulentshi ngokuphelele.

Unkosikazi kaHasse, umculi waseVenetian uFaustina, u-nee Bordoni, uhlobise i-opera. Wayeseminyakeni engamashumi amathathu. Imfundo yezwi elihle kakhulu, amakhono avelele obuciko, idatha ekhanyayo yangaphandle nomusa, owakhuliswa esiteji, wambeka phambili ngokushesha kwezobuciko bokudlala. Ngesinye isikhathi wabamba iqhaza ekunqobeni umculo we-opera we-Handel, manje wahlangana noBach. Ukuphela komculi owayazi abadali ababili abakhulu bomculo waseJalimane ngokuseduze.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngoSepthemba 13, 1731, uBach, ngokusobala enoFriedemann, walalela umboniso wokuqala we-opera kaHasse ethi Cleophida ehholo le-Dresden Royal Opera. UFriedemann, mhlawumbe, uthathe "izingoma zeDresden" ngelukuluku elikhulu lokwazi. Kodwa uBaba Bach naye wazisa umculo wemfashini wase-Italy, ikakhulukazi uFaustina endimeni yesihloko wawumuhle. Hhayi-ke, bayasazi isivumelwano, labo Hasses. Futhi isikole esihle. Futhi i-orchestra yinhle. Bravo!

… Umhlangano eDresden nabakwaHasse, u-Bach no-Anna Magdalena bababonisa umoya wokungenisa izihambi eLeipzig. NgeSonto noma iholidi, izivakashi zenhloko-dolobha azikwazanga ukuzibamba kodwa zilalele enye i-Bach cantata kwelinye lamasonto amakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi baye emakhonsathini eKolishi Lomculo futhi bezwa izingoma zezwe ezenziwa nguBach nabafundi.

Futhi egumbini lokuphumula lendlu ye-cantor, phakathi nezinsuku zokufika kwabaculi baseDresden, umculo wawuzwakala. UFaustina Hasse weza ezindlini zezicukuthwane egqoke ngokucebile, engenalutho emahlombe, enezinwele ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezithikameza ubuso bakhe obuhle. Efulethini lika-cantor, wabonakala egqoke ngesizotha - enhliziyweni yakhe wezwa ubunzima besiphetho sika-Anna Magdalena, owaphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko ngenxa yomsebenzi womkakhe nonina.

Efulethini le-cantor, umlingisi onguchwepheshe, i-opera prima donna, kungenzeka ukuthi wenze i-soprano arias evela kuma-cantatas noma ama-Passions ka-Bach. Umculo we-harpsichord wesiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi wawuzwakala ngalawa mahora.

Lapho uReich efika, izingcezu zikaBach ezinezingxenye eziyedwa zezinsimbi zomoya nazo zakhala.

Incekukazi iphakela isidlo sakusihlwa. Wonke umuntu uhlala phansi etafuleni – kanye nezivakashi eziqavile, nabangane baseLeipzig, namalungu omndeni, nabafundi benkosi, uma bebizwe namuhla ukuzodlala umculo.

Nge-stagecoach yasekuseni, umbhangqwana wobuciko uzolibangisa eDresden ... "

Njengomculi ohamba yedwa eDresden Court Opera, uFaustina waqhubeka nokucula e-Italy, eJalimane naseFrance. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakunesimiso sokuziphatha esikhethekile. I-prima donna yayinelungelo lokuthi isitimela sakhe esiteji siphathe ikhasi elilodwa, futhi uma edlala indima yenkosazana, amabili. Amakhasi alandela ezithendeni zakhe. Wathatha indawo yokuhlonipha ngakwesokudla kwabanye abahlanganyeli emdlalweni, ngoba, njengomthetho, wayengumuntu ohloniphekile kakhulu emdlalweni. Ngenkathi uFaustina Hasse ngo-1748 ecula u-Dirka, okwagcina eseyinkosazana, e-Demofont, wazifunela indawo ephakeme kunePrincess Creusa, isicukuthwane sangempela. Umbhali ngokwakhe, umqambi uMetastasio, kwadingeka angenele ukuze aphoqelele uFaustina ukuba ahole.

Ngo-1751, umculi, esegcwele amandla akhe okudala, washiya isiteji, ezinikela ngokuyinhloko ekukhuliseni izingane ezinhlanu. Khona-ke umndeni wakwaHasse wavakashelwa omunye wezazi-mlando zomculo ezinkulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, umqambi kanye nomculi we-ogani uC. Burney. Wabhala ikakhulukazi:

“Ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa noMhlonishwa u-Monsignor Visconti, unobhala wakhe waphinde wangiyisa ku-Signor Gasse e-Landstrasse, indawo ebukekayo kunawo wonke ama-suburb ase-Vienna … USignora Faustina ukhuluma kakhulu futhi usafuna ukwazi ngayo yonke into eyenzekayo emhlabeni. Usayigcinile iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nambili izinsalela zobuhle ayedume ngabo ebusheni bakhe, kodwa hhayi izwi lakhe elihle!

Ngamcela ukuthi acule. “Awu ngeke kwenzeke! Ngiyabonga ngokungisiza!” (“Maye, angikwazi! Ngilahlekelwe yiso sonke isipho sami”), esho.

… UFaustina, ongumlando ophilayo womlando womculo, wangitshela izindaba eziningi ngabadlali besikhathi sakhe; wakhuluma kakhulu ngesitayela sikaHandel esihle sokudlala ihabhu ne-ogani lapho eseNgilandi, futhi wathi ukhumbula ukufika kukaFarinelli eVenice ngo-1728, injabulo nokumangala alalelwa ngakho.

Bonke abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi bawuphawula ngazwi linye umbono ongenakuvinjelwa owenziwa uFaustina. Ubuciko bomculi bathakaselwa ngu-V.-A. Mozart, A. Zeno, I.-I. Fuchs, J.-B. UMancini nabanye ababephila ngesikhathi somculi. Umqambi I.-I. U-Quantz waphawula: “UFaustina wayene-mezzo-soprano emsulwa kune-soul. Khona-ke ububanzi bezwi lakhe belusuka kuphela ku-octave H ukuya ku-XNUMX-quarter g, kodwa kamuva walinweba liye phansi. Wayenakho lokho amaNtaliyane akubiza ngokuthi i-un canto granito; ukusebenza kwakhe bekucacile futhi kugqamile. Wayenolimi olunyakazayo olwalumvumela ukuba aphimisele amagama ngokushesha nangokucacile, kanye nomphimbo okhule kahle wamaphaseji ane-trill enhle nesheshayo kangangokuthi wayekwazi ukucula ngaphandle kokulungiselela nokuncane, lapho ethanda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaphaseji abushelelezi noma agxumagxuma, noma ahlanganisa ukuphindaphinda komsindo ofanayo, bekulula kuye ukuwadlala njenganoma iyiphi insimbi. Ngokungangabazeki wayengowokuqala ukwethula, futhi ngempumelelo, ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo komsindo ofanayo. Ucule i-Adagio ngomuzwa omkhulu nangokuzwakalisa imizwa, kodwa hhayi njalo ngempumelelo uma umlaleli ezongena osizini olujulile ngokudweba, i-glissando noma amanothi ahambisanayo kanye ne-tempo rubato. Wayenenkumbulo ejabulisayo ngempela yezinguquko nokuhlobisa okungahleliwe, kanye nokucaca nokushesha kokwahlulela, okwamvumela ukuba anikeze amandla aphelele nokukhuluma ngamazwi. Ekulingiseni esiteji, waba nenhlanhla enkulu; futhi njengoba ayeyilawula ngokuphelele imisipha eguquguqukayo kanye nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezakha isimo sobuso, wadlala ngempumelelo elinganayo indima yamaqhawekazi anobudlova, uthando nesisa; ngezwi nje, wazalelwa ukucula nokudlala.

Ngemva kokufa kuka-August III ngo-1764, lo mbhangqwana wazinza eVienna, futhi ngo-1775 baya eVenice. Lapha umculi washona ngoNovemba 4, 1781.