I-Gusli: incazelo yensimbi, umlando, izinhlobo, umsindo, ukwakheka, ukusetshenziswa

Into yokuqala efika engqondweni ngegama elithi "insimbi yomculo yaseRussia" yi-gusli. Njengoba bevele emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, abalahlekelwa umhlabathi: isithakazelo kubo kusukela ohlangothini lwabadlali siyanda kuphela phakathi neminyaka.

Yini i-gusli

Ama-Ghoul abizwa ngokuthi insimbi yakudala yaseRussia eyingxenye yezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo, ezihlutshiwe.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakunezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi ezifana nehabhu:

• ihabhu;
• kifara;
• abantu abadala;
• i-psaltery;
• ihabhu;
• I-Iranian santoor;
• ama-kankles aseLithuania;
• i-kokle yaseLatvia;
• I-canon yase-Armenia.

Ihabhu lanamuhla liyisakhiwo se-trapezoidal esinezintambo eziluliwe. Zinomsindo omkhulu, ozwakalayo, kodwa othambile. I-timbre iyachichima, inothile, ikhumbuza ukutshiyoza kwezinyoni, ukububula komfudlana.

Okuqanjwe kwakudala kwaseRussia kuyingxenye ebalulekile yama-orchestra esintu, ama-ensembles, futhi isetshenziswa abaculi bamaqembu esintu.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Naphezu kobuningi bezinhlobonhlobo, wonke amamodeli anomklamo ofanayo, imininingwane eyinhloko okuyiyo:

• Uhlaka. Izinto zokukhiqiza - ukhuni. Inezingxenye ezintathu: idekhi ephezulu, indawo engaphansi, igobolondo elixhuma amadekhi emaceleni. Isitezi esiphezulu senziwe nge-spruce, i-oki, inomgodi we-resonator phakathi, okusiza ukwandisa umsindo, ukwenze uqine, ucebile. Isitezi esiphansi senziwe nge-maple, i-birch, i-walnut. Ingxenye engaphambili yekesi ifakwe ipuleti elinamaphini, umbundu wezikhonkwane zokulungisa, kanye nesitendi. Kusukela ngaphakathi, umzimba ufakwe izinsimbi zokhuni ezinamathiselwe zibheke phezulu ezikhulisa ukumelana nokusabalalisa ukudlidliza komsindo ngokulinganayo.
• Izintambo. Ukuthi zingaki izintambo zomculo insimbi ezinazo kuncike ngokuphelele ohlotsheni lwazo. Ubuningi buyahlukahluka kusuka kwezingcezu ezimbalwa kuye kwezimbalwa. Izintambo zinwebeka cishe kuwo wonke umzimba, zinamathele ezikhonkwaneni zensimbi.
• Isibambi sentambo. Ibhulokhi yokhuni ebekwe phakathi kwezintambo eziluliwe kanye nedekhi ephezulu. Isiza iyunithi yezinhlamvu ukuthi idlidlize ngokukhululeka, ikhulise umsindo.

Umlando

I-Gusli ingelinye lamathuluzi amadala kakhulu emhlabeni. Umlando wabo waqala ezikhathini zasendulo, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa. Cishe, umqondo wokudala ithuluzi elinjalo labantu basendulo washukunyiswa intambo yomnsalo: ngokucindezela okunamandla, yenza umsindo omnandi endlebeni.

I-gusli yesiRashiya, ngokusobala, yathola igama layo egameni lesiSlavic elithi "gusla", elihunyushwa ngokuthi intambo yomnsalo.

Cishe zonke izizwe emhlabeni zinezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezifanayo. ERussia Yasendulo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kobufakazi obubhaliwe, ama-guslars ayeboniswa emidwebeni. Amamodeli asendulo atholakala ngamanani amakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvubukula. Amaqhawe e-epic epic (Sadko, Dobrynya Nikitich) ayengabashayi behabhu abanolwazi.

Leli thuluzi eRussia laliyintandokazi emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphansi kwawo babedansa, bacule, bagubhe amaholide, balwe ngezibhakela, baxoxe izinganekwane. Ubuciko bebudluliswa busuka kubaba buyiswa endodaneni. Izinkuni ezazikhethwa njengesisekelo kwakuyi-spruce, imephu ye-sycamore.

Emakhulwini e-XV-XVII, ihabhu laba abangane abavamile be-buffoon. Ayesetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokwenziwa komgwaqo. Lapho ama-buffoon evinjelwa, amathuluzi ayewasebenzisa nawo ashabalala. Ubuciko baseRussia bavuselelwa ngokufika kukaPeter Omkhulu emandleni.

Isikhathi eside, ihabhu lalibhekwa njengento ejabulisayo kubalimi. Isigaba esiphezulu sakhetha umsindo omuhle we-violin, ihabhu, i-harpsichord. Impilo entsha yanikezwa ithuluzi lesintu ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX ngabashisekeli u-V. Andreev, N. Privalov, O. Smolensky. Baklama lonke uhlobo lwamamodeli, kusukela kumakhibhodi kuya kwaphunyuliwe, okwaba yingxenye yamaqembu acula umculo womdabu waseRussia.

izinhlobonhlobo

Ukuvela kwensimbi kuye kwaholela ekuveleni kwezinhlobo eziningi, ezihlukene ngenani lezintambo, ukuma komzimba, nendlela umsindo okhiqizwa ngayo.

I-Pterygoid (izwi)

Izinhlobonhlobo ezindala kakhulu ze-gusli yaseRussia, okwakusetshenziselwa isihlahla somsikamore (elinye igama lamamodeli asendulo amise okwephiko umsikamore).

Okudume kakhulu namuhla, kunezinketho ezinhle zokwenza ngokwezifiso. Inani lezintambo liyahlukahluka, ngokuvamile li-5-17. Isikali siyi-diatonic. Izintambo zimise okwefeni: ibanga eliphakathi kwazo liyancipha njengoba usondela kumsila. Ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli anjengamaphiko - ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezizimele, kanye nokuhambisana.

Okumise okwe-Lyre

Babizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokufana nehabhu. Isici esihlukile ubukhona bewindi lokudlala, lapho abadlali bebeka khona isandla sabo sesibili ukuze balawule izintambo.

Okumise okokuvikela (i-psalter)

Ihabhu elimise okokuvikela lalinezintambo ezingu-10-26 esitokweni. Ewadlala, umshayi wehabhu wasebenzisa izandla zombili: kwesokudla wayedlala ingoma eyinhloko, kwesokunxele ehambisana. Umsuka walo modeli unempikiswano: kukhona inguqulo ababeyibolekwe kubantu besifunda saseVolga (kuneziChuvash ezifanayo, iMari gusli ngesiRashiya).

Ihabhu elikhulu lalolu hlobo lalibizwa ngokuthi “i-psalter”: lalivame ukusetshenziswa ngabefundisi emathempelini.

Amakhibhodi alungisiwe

Zaklanywa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-4, isisekelo ihabhu elingunxande. Zibukeka njengepiyano: okhiye bangakwesokunxele, izintambo zingakwesokudla. Ngokucindezela okhiye, umculi uvula izintambo ezichazwe ngokuqinile okufanele zikhale ngaleso sikhathi. Ububanzi bensimbi buyi-6-49 octaves, inombolo yezintambo ngu-66-XNUMX. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinjongo ezihambisana nalokhu, kuma-orchestra wezinsimbi zomculo wesintu.

Umile uqhanyelwe

Ziyifreyimu yensimbi yosayizi omkhulu, ngaphakathi lapho izintambo zeluliwe ngamaleveli amabili. Uhlaka lufakwe esimweni esikhethekile esinemilenze - lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ime phansi, umenzi ume eduze.

Akulula ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjalo, kodwa linamathuba amaningi okusebenza, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze ubuciko banoma yikuphi ukuyinkimbinkimbi, noma yikuphi ukuqondiswa komculo.

Dlala indlela

E-Russia yasendulo, ihabhu lalidlalwa ngenkathi lihlezi, libeka insimbi emadolweni abo, umkhawulo ongaphezulu uhlezi esifubeni. Uhlangothi oluncane lwesakhiwo lubheka kwesokudla, uhlangothi olubanzi ngakwesobunxele. Amanye amamodeli esimanje asikisela ukuthi umculi acule ingoma emile.

Ukukhipha umsindo kwenzeka ngokuthinta izintambo ngeminwe noma umlamuleli. Isandla sokudla sithinta zonke izintambo ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanti isandla sokunxele sizwakala sizwakala siphezulu kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Amasu okudlala ajwayelekile yi-glissando, ukuhlengezela, i-harmonic, i-tremolo, isimungulu.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Gusli kwenziwa amabhizinisi amancane enza imikhiqizo i-ode. Umculi angakwazi uku-oda ithuluzi elifanele ngobukhulu bobude bakhe, ukwakha - lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukudlala ihabhu.