Josken Depre (Josken Depre) |

I-Josquin Depret

UJosquin Despres ungummeleli ovelele wesikole samaDashi sama-polyphonists. Indawo azalelwa kuyo ayikanqunywa ngokuqiniseka. Abanye abacwaningi bambheka njenge-Flemish, nakuba emibhalweni eminingi yekhulu le-1459. UJosquin ubizwa ngesiFulentshi. Alukho ulwazi oluthembekile olugciniwe mayelana nabafundisi bomqambi. Ngokunokwenzeka, omunye wabo kwakungu-I. Okegem omkhulu. Ubufakazi bokuqala bombhalo wempilo kaJosquin, obubhekisela kuye njengomculi weMilan Cathedral, bubhekisela kuphela ku-1459. Wakhonza eMilan Cathedral ngekhefu elifushane kusukela ngo-1472 kuya ku-1486. uCardinal Ascanio Sforza onethonya. Ukukhuluma okulandelayo okubhalwe kahle ngoJosquin kuneminyaka engama-60, lapho esengumfana wekwaya endlini yesonto likapapa eRome. Lapho eneminyaka engaba yi-XNUMX, uJosquin ubuyela eFrance. Umculi ovelele womculo wekhulu lesi-XNUMX. UGlarean uxoxa indaba mhlawumbe eqinisekisa ukuxhumana kukaJosquin enkantolo yaseLouis XII. Inkosi yayala umqambi umdlalo we-polyphonic onombandela wokuthi yena ngokwakhe, njengomculi, abambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwawo okwesikhashana. Inkosi yayinezwi elingabalulekile (futhi mhlawumbe nokuzwa), ngakho uJosquin wabhala ingxenye ye-tenor, ehlanganisa … inothi elilodwa. Yiqiniso noma cha, le ndaba, kunoma yikuphi, ifakazela igunya elikhulu likaJosquin phakathi kwabaculi abangochwepheshe kanye naphakathi kwemibuthano ephakeme kakhulu yomphakathi wezwe.

Ngo-1502, uJosquin ungena enkonzweni yoMbusi waseFerrara. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbusi, lapho efuna inhloko yendlu yesonto yakhe yasenkantolo, wangabaza isikhathi esithile phakathi kuka-G. Izak noJosquin, kodwa nokho wakhetha evuna laba bakamuva.) Nokho, ngemva konyaka uJosquin waphoqeleka ukuba enze kanjalo. shiya isikhundla esizuzisayo. Ukuhamba kwakhe kungazelelwe cishe kwabangelwa ukugqashuka kwalesi sifo ngo-1503. Umbusi nenkantolo yakhe, kanye nezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezakhamuzi zedolobha, zayishiya iFerrara. Indawo kaJosquin yathathwa ngu-J. Obrecht, owaba yisisulu salolu bhubhane ekuqaleni kuka-1505.

UJosquin wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe edolobheni laseFrance elisenyakatho ye-Conde-sur-l'Escaut, lapho asebenza khona njengomphathi wesonto lombhishobhi lendawo. Imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi ikhombisa ukuxhumana kukaJosquin nesikole saseDutch polyphonic.

UJosquin wayengomunye wabaqambi abakhulu beRenaissance engasekho. Efa lakhe lokudala, indawo eyinhloko inikezwa izinhlobo ezingokomoya: izixuku ezingu-18 (ezidume kakhulu "Indoda Ehlomile", "Pange lingua" kanye "NeMisa Yentombi Ebusisiwe"), ama-motets angaphezu kuka-70 nezinye izinhlobo ezincane. U-Josquin uphumelele ekuhlanganiseni okuphilayo kokujula nemibono yefilosofi ngesu le-virtuoso lokuqamba umculo. Kanye nemisebenzi engokomoya, wabhala futhi ohlotsheni lwezingoma ze-polyphonic zezwe (ikakhulukazi emibhalweni yesiFulentshi - okuthiwa i-chanson). Kule ngxenye yefa lakhe lokudala, umqambi usondela eduze kwemvelaphi yohlobo lomculo okhokhelwayo, ngokuvamile ethembele engomeni yesintu nomdanso.

UJosquin waqashelwa kakade ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Udumo lwakhe aluzange luphele ngisho nangekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Wanconywa ababhali abavelele abanjengoB. Castiglione, P. Ronsard noF. Rabelais. UJosquin wayengumqambi oyintandokazi kaM. Luther, owabhala ngaye: “UJosquin wenza amanothi aveze lokho akufunayo. Abanye abaqambi, ngokuphambene nalokho, baphoqeleka ukuba benze lokho amanothi abayala ngakho.

S. Lebedev