I-Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Gewandhausorchester Leipzig) |

Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra

Gewandhaus (IsiJalimane. Gewandhaus, ngokoqobo - indlu yezingubo) - igama lomphakathi wekhonsathi, ihholo kanye ne-symphony orchestra eLeipzig. Umlando wamakhonsathi e-Gewandhaus uhlehlela emuva ku-1743, lapho isiko lalokho okubizwa ngokuthi. “Amakhonsathi Amakhulu” (i-orchestra eyimfundamakhwela yabantu abangu-16 yayiholwa u-IF Dales). Ngemva kwekhefu elabangelwa iMpi Yeminyaka Eyisikhombisa, i-orchestra ebizwa ngokuthi “I-Amateur Concertos” yaqala kabusha imisebenzi yayo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-IA Hiller (1763-85), owaletha i-orchestra kubantu abangu-30.

Ngo-1781, umphathi-dolobha waseLeipzig u-W. Müller wakha i-directory, eyayihola i-orchestra. Ukwakhiwa kwanwetshwa futhi kwavulwa okubhaliselwe, okuhlanganisa amakhonsathi angu-24 ngonyaka. Kusukela ngo-1781, i-orchestra yadlala esakhiweni sangaphambili sokudayiswa kwendwangu - i-Gewandhaus. Ngo-1884, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha sehholo lekhonsathi endaweni yaleli elidala, kugcinwe igama elithi Gewandhaus (elibizwa ngokuthi i-New Gewandhaus; lacekelwa phansi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili ka-2-1939). I-Gewandhaus Concert Hall yayiyindawo ehlala njalo yokudlalwa kwale orchestra (yingakho igama - i-Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra).

Ekupheleni kwe-18 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. i-orchestra kaGewandhaus yaba iqembu lomculo elihle kakhulu, elaqiniswa ngokukhethekile ngaphansi kobuholi bukaF. Mendelssohn (owayephethe i-orchestra ngo-1835-47). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-repertoire yanda kakhulu, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi ka-JS Bach, L. Beethoven, nababhali besikhathi samanje. I-Gewandhaus Orchestra ithola isitayela sokudala esiyingqayizivele, esihlukaniswa ngokuguquguquka okukhethekile, ukunotha kwephalethi ye-timbre, kanye nokuphelela kokuhlanganisa. Ngemva kokufa kukaMendelssohn, i-Gewandhaus Orchestra yayiqhutshwa u-J. Ritz (1848-60) no-K. Reinecke (1860-95). Lapha, ngo-December 24, 1887, ikhonsathi yokubhalisa yemisebenzi kaPI Tchaikovsky, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kombhali.

Ngokungena kuka-A. Nikish esikhundleni sokuba umbhidisi omkhulu (1895-1922), i-orchestra ye-Gewandhaus yathola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. U-Nikish wathatha uhambo lokuqala phesheya (104-1916) ne-orchestra (yabantu abangu-17). Abamlandelayo kwakunguW. Furtwängler (1922-28) noB. Walter (1929-33). Ngo-1934-45, i-Gewandhaus Orchestra yayiholwa uG. Abendrot, ngo-1949-62 nguF. Konvichny, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe i-Gewandhaus Orchestra yenza izinkambo ezingu-15 phesheya (kusukela ngo-1956, i-orchestra iye yavakashela i-USSR ngokuphindaphindiwe). Kusukela ngo-1964 kuya ku-1968, inhloko ye-Gewandhaus Orchestra (ehlanganisa abantu abangu-180) wayengumqhubi we-Czech V. Neumann, kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1996 - K. Mazur, kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2005 - u-Herbert Blomstedt. U-Riccardo Chailly uqondise i-orchestra kusukela ngo-2005.

Amakhonsathi e-orchestra ahanjelwa yi-Gewandhaus Choir kanye ne-Thomaskirche Choir (uma yenza ama-oratorio nama-cantatas). I-orchestra iyi-orchestra esemthethweni ye-Leipzig Opera.

X. Seeger