Umculo nombala: mayelana nokwenzeka kokuzwa kombala

Ngisho naseNdiya yasendulo, imibono engavamile mayelana nobuhlobo obuseduze phakathi komculo nombala. Ikakhulukazi, amaHindu ayekholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu unomculo nombala wakhe. U-Aristotle ohlakaniphile waphikisana encwadini yakhe ethi "On the Soul" ukuthi ubuhlobo bemibala bufana nokuvumelana komculo.

AmaPythagorean ayethanda okumhlophe njengombala ovelele endaweni yonke, futhi imibala ye-spectrum ngokubuka kwawo ihambisana namathoni omculo ayisikhombisa. Imibala nemisindo ku-cosmogony yamaGreki ingamandla okudala asebenzayo.

Ekhulwini le-18, usosayensi oyindela u-L. Castel waba nombono wokwakha “i-harpsichord enemibala.” Ukucindezela ukhiye kwakuzonikeza isilaleli indawo ekhanyayo yombala efasiteleni elikhethekile elingaphezu kwethuluzi elisesimweni seribhoni elinemibala enyakazayo, amafulege, acwebezela ngemibala ehlukahlukene yamatshe ayigugu, akhanyiswa ngamathoshi noma amakhandlela ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela.

Abaqambi uRameau, uTelemann kanye noGrétry banake imibono kaCastel. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wagxekwa kakhulu ngabakwa-encyclopedist ababebheka isifaniso esithi "imisindo eyisikhombisa yesikali - imibala eyisikhombisa ye-spectrum" njengengenakulinganiswa.

Isimo sokuzwa "kombala".

Isenzakalo sokubonwa kombala komculo sitholwe abantu abathile abavelele bomculo. Kumqambi waseRussia okhaliphile u-NA Rimsky-Korsakov, abaculi abadumile baseSoviet u-BV Asafiev, SS Skrebkov, AA Quesnel nabanye babona zonke izihluthulelo ezinkulu nezincane njengezipendwe ngemibala ethile. Umqambi wase-Austrian wekhulu lama-20. A. Schoenberg waqhathanisa imibala nezinsimbi zomculo ze-symphony orchestra. Ngayinye yalezi zingcweti ezivelele zazibonela imibala yazo emisindweni yomculo.

• Isibonelo, ku-Rimsky-Korsakov kwakunombala wegolide futhi kwavusa umuzwa wenjabulo nokukhanya; ku-Asafiev kwakupendwe umbala we-emerald green green ngemva kwemvula yasentwasahlobo.
• kwakubonakala kumnyama futhi kufudumele ku-Rimsky-Korsakov, ulamula ophuzi ku-Quesnel, ukukhanya okubomvu ku-Asafiev, futhi ku-Skrebkov kwavusa izinhlangano nombala oluhlaza.

Kodwa futhi kwaba khona ukuqondana okumangalisayo.

• I-tonality yachazwa ngokuthi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala wesibhakabhaka ebusuku.
• U-Rimsky-Korsakov wavusa ubudlelwano obunombala ophuzi, we-regal, ku-Asafiev kwakuyimisebe yelanga, ukukhanya okukhulu okushisayo, kanti ku-Skrebkov noQuesnel kwakuphuzi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi bonke abaculi abaqanjwe babenephimbo eliphelele.

"Umdwebo wombala" ngemisindo

Imisebenzi ye-NA Musicologists ivame ukubiza u-Rimsky-Korsakov "umdwebo ozwakalayo." Le ncazelo ihlotshaniswa nesithombe esimangalisayo somculo womqambi. Izingoma zikaRimsky-Korsakov nezingoma ze-symphonic zicebile ezindaweni zomculo. Ukukhethwa kwepulani ye-tonal yemidwebo yemvelo akuyona neze iphutha.

Okubonwa ngamathoni aluhlaza, u-E omkhulu kanye no-E oyinhloko, kuma-opera athi “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “Sadko”, “The Golden Cockerel”, asetshenziselwa ukwakha izithombe zolwandle nesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi ebusuku. Ukuphuma kwelanga kuma-opera afanayo kubhalwe ku-A main - ukhiye wentwasahlobo, opinki.

Ku-opera ethi "The Snow Maiden" intombazane yeqhwa iqala ukubonakala esiteji ku-"blue" E enkulu, kanti unina u-Vesna-Krasna - "entwasahlobo, e-pink" Enkulu. Ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa ye-lyrical kuhanjiswa ngumqambi "efudumele" D-flat enkulu - lokhu kubuye kube yi-tonality yesehlakalo sokuncibilika kwe-Snow Maiden, othole isipho esikhulu sothando.

Umqambi we-French impressionist u-C. Debussy akazange ashiye izitatimende ezinembile mayelana nombono wakhe womculo ngombala. Kodwa i-piano yakhe eyandulelayo - "I-Terrace Evakashelwe Ngokukhanya Kwenyanga", lapho umsindo ovuthayo ocwebezelayo, "Intombazane Enezinwele Ze-Flaxen", ebhalwe ngamathoni we-watercolor acashile, iphakamisa ukuthi umqambi wayenezinhloso ezicacile zokuhlanganisa umsindo, ukukhanya nombala.

C. Debussy “Intombazane Enezinwele Ze-Flaxen”

Umsebenzi we-symphonic kaDebussy othi "Nocturnes" ikuvumela ukuthi uzwe ngokucacile "umsindo wombala okhanyayo". Ingxenye yokuqala, “Amafu,” ibonisa amafu ampunga enyakaza kancane futhi efiphala buqamama. Ubusuku besibili bobusuku bokuthi "Umkhosi" ubonisa ukuqhuma kokukhanya emkhathini, umdanso wawo omangalisayo. Ngobusuku besithathu, izintombi zensimu eziyimilingo zinyakaza phezu kwamagagasi olwandle, zibenyezela emoyeni ebusuku, futhi zicula ingoma yazo ethakathayo.

K. Debussy “Nocturnes”

Ekhuluma ngomculo nombala, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungathinti umsebenzi we-AN Scriabin ehlakaniphile. Isibonelo, wezwa ngokucacile umbala obomvu ocebile we-F enkulu, umbala osagolide we-D enkulu, nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ka-F obukhali omkhulu. I-Scriabin ayizange ihlobanise wonke amathoni nanoma yimuphi umbala. Umqambi udale isistimu yokwenziwa yombala womsindo (futhi ngokuqhubekayo indilinga yengxenye yesihlanu kanye ne-spectrum yombala). Imibono yomqambi mayelana nenhlanganisela yomculo, ukukhanya nombala ifakwe ngokucacile enkondlweni ye-symphonic "Prometheus".

Ososayensi, abaculi nabaculi basaphikisana nanamuhla mayelana nokwenzeka kokuhlanganisa umbala nomculo. Kukhona izifundo zokuthi izikhathi zokuzulazula komsindo namaza okukhanya aziqondani futhi "umsindo wombala" uyinto nje yokubona. Kodwa abaculi banezincazelo: . Futhi uma umsindo nombala kuhlanganiswa ekuqapheliseni kokudala komqambi, khona-ke i-grandiose "Prometheus" ka-A. Scriabin kanye nezindawo ezizwakalayo ezizwakalayo zika-I. Levitan noN. Roerich zizalwa. E-Polenova…