I-Suite |

I-French suite, ekhanyayo. – uchungechunge, ukulandelana

Enye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinhlobo zama-multipart cyclic zomculo wezinsimbi. Iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezizimele, ngokuvamile eziphikisanayo, ezihlanganiswe umqondo wobuciko ovamile. Izingxenye ze-syllable, njengomthetho, ziyahlukahluka ngohlamvu, isigqi, i-tempo, njalonjalo; ngesikhathi esifanayo, bangaxhunyaniswa nobumbano lwamathoni, ukuhlobana kwezisusa, nangezinye izindlela. Ch. Umgomo wokubumba we-S. ukudalwa kokuqanjwa okukodwa. okuphelele ngesisekelo sokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezihlukene - kwehlukanisa i-S. kumjikelezo onjalo. amafomu afana ne-sonata ne-symphony nombono wabo wokukhula nokuba. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sonata ne-symphony, i-S. ibonakala ngokuzimela okukhulu kwezingxenye, ukuhleleka okuqinile kwesakhiwo somjikelezo (inombolo yezingxenye, imvelo yazo, ukuhleleka, ukuhlobana komunye nomunye kungahluka kakhulu phakathi kokubanzi kakhulu. imikhawulo), ukuthambekela kokugcina kukho konke noma okuningana. izingxenye zethonilithi eyodwa, kanye nokunye okuqondile. ukuxhumana nezinhlobo zomdanso, izingoma, njll.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-S. ne-sonata wembulwa ngokucacile maphakathi. Ikhulu le-18, lapho i-S. ifinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo, futhi umjikelezo we-sonata wagcina ukwakheka. Nokho, lokhu kuphikiswa akukhona ngokuphelele. U-Sonata no-S. bavuka cishe ngasikhathi sinye, futhi izindlela zabo, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, ngezinye izikhathi zaziwela. Ngakho-ke, i-S. yaba nethonya elibonakalayo ku-sonata, ikakhulukazi endaweni ye-tematiama. Umphumela waleli thonya wawubuye ukufakwa kwe-minuet emjikelezweni we-sonata kanye nokungena kwemidanso. isigqi nemifanekiso ku-rondo yokugcina.

Izimpande zika-S. zibuyela emuva esikweni lasendulo lokuqhathanisa udwendwe lomdanso olunensayo (ngisho nosayizi) nomdanso ophilayo, ogxumayo (okuvamile okungavamile, usayizi webhithi engu-3), owawaziwa eMpumalanga. amazwe ezikhathini zasendulo. I-prototypes yakamuva ye-S. yiNkathi Ephakathi. I-Arabic nauba (ifomu elikhulu lomculo elihlanganisa izingxenye eziningana ezihlukene ezihlobene ngokwetimu), kanye nezinhlobo ezinezingxenye eziningi ezisabalele phakathi kwabantu baseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. E-Asia. eFrance ngekhulu le-16. kwavela isiko lokuhlanganyela emdansweni. S. dec. ukubeletha branley - kulinganiswa, imikhosi. imidanso kanye naleyo esheshayo. Nokho, ukuzalwa kweqiniso kuka-S. eNtshonalanga Yurophu. umculo uhlotshaniswa nokubukeka phakathi. Imidanso yamapheya ekhulu le-16 - ama-pavanes (umdanso obabazekayo, ogelezayo ngo-2/4) nama-galliards (umdanso ohambayo onokugxuma okungu-3/4). Lo mbhangqwana wakha, ngokusho kuka-BV Asafiev, "cishe isixhumanisi sokuqala esiqinile emlandweni we-suite." Izinhlelo eziphrintiwe zekhulu le-16, njengethebhu ye-Petrucci (1507-08), “Intobalatura de lento” ka-M. Castillones (1536), ithebhu ye-P. Borrono no-G. Gortzianis e-Italy, amaqoqo elute ka-P. Attenyan (1530-47) eFrance, aziqukethe kuphela ama-pavanes nama-galliards, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlobo ezihambisanayo ezibhanqiwe (i-bass dance - tourdion, branle - saltarella, passamezzo - saltarella, njll.).

Ipheya ngalinye lemidanso kwesinye isikhathi lalijoyinwa umdanso wesithathu, futhi ngamabhithi ama-3, kodwa okujabulisa kakhulu - i-volta noma i-piva.

Kakade isibonelo sokuqala esaziwayo sokuqhathaniswa okuphambene kwe-pavane ne-galliard, kusukela ngo-1530, inikeza isibonelo sokwakhiwa kwale midanso kumculo ofanayo, kodwa oguqulwa ngamamitha. impahla. Ngokushesha lesi simiso siba sichaza yonke imidanso. uchungechunge. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukwenza ukuqoshwa kube lula, umdanso wokugcina, osuselwe awuzange ubhalwe: umenzi unikezwe ithuba, ngenkathi egcina umculo. iphethini nokuvumelana komdanso wokuqala, ukuguqula isikhathi esinezingxenye ezimbili sibe ingxenye yesithathu ngokwakho.

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 emsebenzini ka-I. Gro (30 pavanes and galliards, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1604 eDresden), eng. I-virginalists W. Bird, J. Bull, O. Gibbons (sat. "Parthenia", 1611) ivame ukuqhela ekuchazeni okusetshenzisiwe komdanso. Inqubo yokuzalwa kabusha komdanso wansuku zonke ibe "umdlalo wokulalela" ekugcineni iqedwe ngu-ser. Ikhulu le-17

Uhlobo lwakudala lomdanso oludala S. lugunyaze i-Austrian. comp. I. Yebo. Froberger, owasungula ukulandelana okuqinile kwemidanso ezinsimbini zakhe ze-harpsichord. izingxenye: i-allemande ehamba kancane (4/4) ilandelwe ukukhala okusheshayo noma okumaphakathi okusheshayo (3/4) kanye ne-sarabande ehamba kancane (3/4). Kamuva, u-Froberger wethula umdanso wesine - i-jig esheshayo, esheshe yalungiswa njengesiphetho esiyisibopho. ingxenye.

Abaningi S. con. 17 - cela. Ikhulu le-18 le-harpsichord, i-orchestra noma i-lute, eyakhiwe ngesisekelo salezi zingxenye ezi-4, ihlanganisa ne-minuet, i-gavotte, i-bourre, i-paspier, i-polonaise, okuthi, njengomthetho, ifakwe phakathi kwe-sarabande ne-gigue, kanye " kabili” (“kabili” – ukuhluka kokuhlobisa kwenye yezingxenye ze-S.). I-Allemande ngokuvamile yandulelwa i-sonata, i-symphony, i-toccata, i-prelude, i-overture; i-aria, i-rondo, i-capriccio, njll. nazo zatholakala ezingxenyeni ezingezona ezomdanso. Zonke izingxenye zazibhalwe, njengomthetho, ngokhiye ofanayo. Ngokuhlukile, kuma-sonatas e-da camera asekuqaleni ka-A. Corelli, okuyi-S., kukhona imidanso ehamba kancane ebhalwe ngokhiye ohlukile koyinhloko. Kukhiye omkhulu noma omncane wezinga eliseduze lokuhlobana, otd. izingxenye kumagumbi e-GF Handel, umzuzu wesibili kusukela ku-2th English S. kanye ne-gavotte yesi-4 evela ku-S. ngaphansi kwesihloko. “French Overture” (BWV 2) JS Bach; kuma-suites amaningi ka-Bach (ama-suites esiNgisi No 831, 1, 2, njll.) kunezingxenye kukhiye ofanayo omkhulu noma omncane.

Lona kanye igama elithi “S.” yaqala ukuvela eFrance ngekhulu le-16. mayelana nokuqhathaniswa kwamagatsha ahlukene, ngekhulu le-17-18. yaphinde yangena eNgilandi naseJalimane, kodwa isikhathi eside yasetshenziswa ekuwohlokeni. amanani. Ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi u-S. ubiza izingxenye ezihlukene zomjikelezo we-suite. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, eNgilandi iqembu lomdanso lalibizwa ngokuthi izifundo (G. Purcell), e-Italy - i-balletto noma (kamuva) i-sonata da camera (A. Corelli, A. Steffani), eJalimane - Partie (I. Kunau) noma i-partita (D. Buxtehude, JS Bach), e-France – ordre (P. Couperin), njll. Ngokuvamile u-S. wayengenalo nhlobo igama elikhethekile, kodwa ayeqokwa nje ngokuthi “Izingcezu ze-harpsichord”, “Umculo wethebula”, njll.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamagama achaza uhlobo olufanayo zanqunywa yi-nat. izici zokuthuthukiswa kwe-S ku-con. 17 - ingxenye. Ikhulu le-18 Yebo, isiFulentshi. U-S. wahlukaniswa ngenkululeko enkulu yokwakha (kusuka emidansweni engu-5 ka-JB Lully ku-orc. C. e-moll kuya kokungu-23 kwelinye lamasuite e-harpsichord ka-F. Couperin), kanye nokufakwa emdansweni. uchungechunge lwemidwebo yezengqondo, uhlobo kanye ne-landscape (amasudi angama-harpsichord angu-27 ka-F. Couperin ahlanganisa izingcezu ezihlukene ezingu-230). Franz. ababhali J. Ch. Chambonnière, L. Couperin, NA Lebesgue, J. d'Anglebert, L. Marchand, F. Couperin, kanye no-J.-F. U-Rameau wethule izinhlobo zomdanso ezintsha ku-S.: i-musette ne-rigaudon , i-chaconne, i-passacaglia, i-lur, njll. Izingxenye ezingadansi nazo zethulwa ku-S., ikakhulukazi i-decomp. Isizukulwane se-Aryan. U-Lully waqala ukwethula u-S. njengesethulo. izingxenye ze-overture. Lokhu okusha kwamukelwe nguye kamuva. abaqambi u-JKF Fischer, IZ Kusser, GF Telemann kanye no-JS Bach. U-G. Purcell wayevame ukuvula i-S. yakhe ngesandulelo; lesi siko samukelwa uBach ngesiNgisi sakhe. S. (ngesiFulentshi sakhe. S. azikho izandulela). Ngaphezu kwezinsimbi zomculo we-orchestra ne-harpsichord, izinsimbi zomculo we-lute zazisakazeke kabanzi eFrance. Kusukela ku-Italian. D. Frescobaldi, owathuthukisa isigqi esishintshashintshayo, waba negalelo elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni abaqambi abanesigqi.

Abaqambi baseJalimane ngobuciko bahlanganisa isiFulentshi. futhi ital. ithonya. “Izindaba ZeBhayibheli” zikaKunau ze-harpsichord kanye ne-orchestra ka-Handel ethi “Music on the Water” ziyafana ezinhlelweni zazo zesiFulentshi. C. Bethonywe isiNtaliyane. izinhlobonhlobo. ubuchwepheshe, i-Buxtehude suite endikimbeni yomculo wekhora ethi "Auf meinen lieben Gott" yaphawulwa, lapho i-allemande ene-double, i-sarabande, i-chimes kanye ne-gigue ingukwehluka kwendikimba eyodwa, yomculo. iphethini nokuvumelana kokusikwa kugcinwa kuzo zonke izingxenye. I-GF Handel yethula i-fugue ku-S., okubonisa ukuthambekela kokuxegisa izisekelo ze-S. yasendulo futhi iyisondeze esontweni. i-sonata (yama-suites angu-8 e-Handel e-harpsichord, eyanyatheliswa eLondon ngo-1720, 5 aqukethe i-fugue).

Izici zesiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi. kanye nesiJalimane. I-S. ihlanganiswe ngu-JS Bach, onyuse uhlobo lwe-S. lwafinyelela esigabeni esiphezulu sokuthuthuka. Kuma-suites ka-Bach (6 English and 6 French, 6 partitas, “French Overture” for clavier, 4 orchestral S., ebizwa ngokuthi overtures, partitas for solo violin, S. for solo cello), inqubo yokukhulula imidanso isiqediwe. dlala kusukela ekuxhumekeni kwayo nomthombo wayo oyinhloko wansuku zonke. Ezingxenyeni zokudansa zama-suites akhe, u-Bach ugcina kuphela izinhlobo zokunyakaza ezivamile zalo mdanso nezici ezithile ezinesigqi. umdwebo; ngalesi sisekelo, udala imidlalo equkethe idrama-idrama ejulile. okuqukethwe. Ohlotsheni ngalunye lwe-S., u-Bach unohlelo lwakhe lokwakha umjikelezo; yebo, isiNgisi S. kanye no-S. ye-cello njalo iqala ngesandulelo, phakathi kwe-sarabande ne-gigue bahlala benemidanso emi-2 efanayo, njll. Ukuguquguquka kuka-Bach njalo kufaka i-fugue.

Esitezi sesi-2. Ngekhulu le-18, ngenkathi ye-Viennese classicism, i-S. ilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kwangaphambili. Iminyuziyamu ehamba phambili. i-sonata ne-symphony iba izinhlobo, kuyilapho i-symphony iqhubeka nokuba khona ngendlela yama-cassations, ama-serenades, kanye ne-divertissements. I-Prod. U-J. Haydn kanye no-WA ​​Mozart, abanalawa magama, iningi labo bango-S., kuphela i-“Little Night Serenade” edumile kaMozart eyabhalwa ngendlela yomculo. Kusuka ku-Op. I-L. Beethoven iseduze ne-S. 2 "ama-serenades", eyodwa yezintambo. trio (ikhasi 8, 1797), elinye elomtshingo, i-violin ne-viola (ikhasi 25, 1802). Sekukonke, izingoma ze-Viennese zasendulo zisondela ku-sonata ne-symphony, uhlobo lomdanso. isiqalo sivela kuzo singakhanya kancane. Ngokwesibonelo, “Haffner” orc. I-serenade kaMozart, eyabhalwa ngo-1782, inezingxenye ezingu-8, okukhona emdansweni. imizuzu emi-3 kuphela egcinwe efomini.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zokwakhiwa kwe-S. ekhulwini le-19. okuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-symphonism yohlelo. Izindlela zokufinyelela ohlotsheni lwezinhlelo ze-S zaziyimijikelezo ye-FP. Ama-miniatures ka-R. Schumann ahlanganisa i-Carnival (1835), Fantastic Pieces (1837), Izigcawu Zezingane (1838), nezinye. I-Antar ne-Scheherazade ka-Rimsky-Korsakov ziyizibonelo ezivelele ze-orchestral. Izici zokuhlela ziyisici se-FP. umjikelezo "Izithombe Embukisweni" ka-Mussorgsky, "I-Little Suite" yepiyano. Borodin, “Little Suite” for upiyano. kanye no-S. “Imidlalo Yezingane” ye-orchestra ka-J. Bizet. 3 ama-orchestral suite ka-PI Tchaikovsky ikakhulukazi aqukethe izici. imidlalo engahlobene nomdanso. izinhlobo; bahlanganisa umdanso omusha. Ifomu - i-waltz (2nd kanye ne-3rd C.). Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-"Serenade" yakhe yezintambo. I-orchestra, "emi phakathi kwe-suite ne-symphony, kodwa eduze ne-suite" (BV Asafiev). Izingxenye ze-S. zalesi sikhathi zibhalwe ngokubola. okhiye, kodwa ingxenye yokugcina, njengomthetho, ibuyisela ukhiye wokuqala.

Wonke ama-R. 19th century avela S., ahlanganiswe nomculo wetiyetha. ukukhiqizwa, ama-ballet, ama-opera: E. Grieg ovela kumculo wedrama ka-G. Ibsen “Peer Gynt”, J. Bizet ovela kumculo wedrama ethi “The Arlesian” ka-A. Daudet, PI Tchaikovsky ovela kuma-ballet athi “The Nutcracker ” kanye nethi “The Sleeping Beauty”, NA Rimsky-Korsakov ovela ku-opera ethi “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”.

Ngekhulu le-19 izinhlobonhlobo ze-S., ezihlotshaniswa nemidanso yabantu, zisaqhubeka zikhona. amasiko. Imelwe iSaint-Saens' Algiers Suite, i-Dvorak's Bohemian Suite. Uhlobo lokudala. ukuphikiswa kwemidanso emidala. izinhlobo zinikezwa ku-Debussy's Bergamas Suite (i-minuet ne-paspier), ku-Ravel's Tomb of Couperin (i-forlana, i-rigaudon ne-minuet).

Ekhulwini lama-20 ama-ballet suite adalwa ngu-IF Stravinsky (The Firebird, 1910; Petrushka, 1911), SS Prokofiev (The Jester, 1922; Indodana Yolahleko, 1929; On the Dnieper, 1933; “Romeo and Juliet”-, 1936 46; “Cinderella”, 1946), AI Khachaturian (S. ovela ku-ballet “Gayane”), “Provencal Suite” ye-orchestra D. Milhaud, “Little Suite” yepiyano. J. Aurik, S. abaqambi besikole esisha sase-Viennese - A. Schoenberg (S. wepiyano, op. 25) kanye no-A. Berg (Lyric Suite for strings. quartet), - ebonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwesu le-dodecaphonic. Ngokusekelwe emithonjeni yendabuko, i-“Dance Suite” kanye no-2 S. ye-orchestra ka-B. Bartok, “I-Little Suite” ye-orchestra ka-Lutoslawski. Ikhulu lama-20 lonke uhlobo olusha lwe-S. luvela, olwakhiwe umculo wamafilimu ("Lieutenant Kizhe" kaProkofiev, "Hamlet" kaShostakovich). Abanye ok. imijikelezo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-vocal S. (vok. S. "Izinkondlo Eziyisithupha zika-M. Tsvetaeva" ka-Shostakovich), kukhona futhi i-choral S.

Igama elithi "S". futhi kusho umculo-choreographic. ukwakheka okuhlanganisa ukudansa okuningana. Ama-S anjalo avame ukufakwa ezenzweni ze-ballet; isibonelo, umdwebo we-3 we-Tchaikovsky "Swan Lake" yakhiwe ngokulandela amasiko. nat. ukudansa. Ngezinye izikhathi i-S. efakiwe enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-divertissement (isithombe sokugcina se-The Sleeping Beauty kanye neningi lesenzo se-2 se-Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker).

References: Igor Glebov (Asafiev BV), ubuciko bezinsimbi zikaTchaikovsky, P., 1922; yakhe, Ifomu Lomculo Njengenqubo, Umq. 1-2, M.-L., 1930-47, L., 1971; Yavorsky B., Bach suites for clavier, M.-L., 1947; Druskin M., Clavier umculo, L., 1960; I-Efimenkova V., Izinhlobo zokudansa ..., M., 1962; Popova T., Suite, M., 1963.

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