Umlando wengoma kaGregory: ukuphindaphinda komthandazo kuzophendula njengekhorale

Izingoma zikaGregory, ingoma kaGregory… Iningi lethu lihlobanisa ngokuzenzakalela lawa magama neNkathi Ephakathi (futhi kufanele). Kodwa izimpande zalesi sisho sezinkonzo zibuyela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho imiphakathi yokuqala yamaKristu ivela eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Izisekelo zengoma kaGregory zakhiwa phakathi nekhulu le-2-6 ngaphansi kwethonya lesakhiwo somculo sasendulo (izingoma ze-odic), nomculo wamazwe aseMpumalanga (ihubo lamaJuda lasendulo, umculo we-melismatic wase-Armenia, eSiriya, eGibhithe. ).

Ubufakazi bokuqala kanye nokuphela kwedokhumenti ebonisa ingoma kaGregory kungenzeka ukuthi ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesi-3. AD Iphathelene nokuqoshwa kweculo lobuKristu elibhalwe ngesiGreki ngemuva kombiko wokusanhlamvu okuqoqwe kuyi-papyrus etholakala e-Oxyrhynchus, e-Egypt.

Eqinisweni, lo mculo ongcwele wathola igama elithi "Gregorian" kusukela ku-, owahlela ngokuyisisekelo futhi wagunyaza indikimba eyinhloko yamaculo asemthethweni eSonto LaseNtshonalanga.

Izici zengoma kaGregory

Isisekelo sengoma kaGregory inkulumo yomthandazo, ubuningi. Ngokusekelwe endleleni amagama nomculo okuhlangana ngayo ezingomeni zamakhwaya, ukuhlukana kwezingoma zikaGregory kwaphakama kwaba:

1. isilabhasi (lokhu yilapho uhlamvu olulodwa lombhalo luhambisana nephimbo lomculo elilodwa lengoma, umbono wombhalo ucacile);
2. i-pneumatic (amaculo amancane avela kuzo - amathoni amabili noma amathathu ngohlamvu ngalunye lombhalo, ukuqonda kombhalo kulula);
3. i-melismatic (izingoma ezinkulu - inombolo engenamkhawulo yamathoni ngohlamvu ngalunye, umbhalo kunzima ukukubona).

Iculo likaGregory ngokwalo liyi-monodic (okungukuthi, ngokuyisisekelo izwi elilodwa), kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi izingoma azikwazanga ukuculwa yikwaya. Ngokohlobo lokudlala, ukucula kuhlukaniswe:

• i-antiphonal, lapho amaqembu amabili abahlabeleli eshintshana khona (ngokuphelele wonke amahubo ahlatshelelwa ngale ndlela);
• ophendulayolapho ukucula yedwa kushintshana nokucula ikwaya.

Isisekelo semodi-izwi lengoma kaGregory siqukethe izindlela eziyi-8, ezibizwa ngokuthi izindlela zesonto. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi kwasetshenziswa kuphela umsindo we-diatonic (ukusetshenziswa kwama-sharps namaflethi kwakubhekwa njengesilingo esivela komubi futhi kwaze kwavinjelwa isikhathi esithile).

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlaka lwangempela oluqinile lokudlalwa kwezingoma zikaGregory lwaqala ukuwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezici eziningi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusungula komuntu ngamunye kwabaculi, njalo elwela ukweqa izinkambiso, kanye nokuvela kwezinguqulo ezintsha zemibhalo emiculo yangaphambilini. Lolu hlelo oluyingqayizivele lomculo kanye nenkondlo yezingoma ezakhiwe ngaphambilini lalibizwa ngokuthi i-trope.

Ingoma kaGregory kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenothi

Ekuqaleni, izingoma zazibhalwa phansi ngaphandle kwamanothi kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-tonars - into efana nemiyalelo yabahlabeleli - futhi kwabathweswa iziqu, izincwadi zokucula.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-10, kwavela amabhuku ezingoma abhalwe ngokugcwele, aqoshwa kusetshenziswa okungezona emugqeni notation engachemile. I-Neumas yizithonjana ezikhethekile, ama-squiggles, abekwe ngaphezu kwemibhalo ukuze ngandlela-thile kube lula ukuphila kwabahlabeleli. Besebenzisa lezi zithonjana, abaculi bekufanele bakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi ingoma elandelayo izoba yini.

Ngekhulu le-12, kwasakazeka umbhalo oyisikwele womugqa, okwaqeda ngokunengqondo uhlelo olungathathi hlangothi. Ukuphumelela kwayo okuyinhloko kungabizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwesigqi - manje abaculi abakwazanga nje ukubikezela isiqondiso sokunyakaza kwe-melodic, kodwa futhi bazi kahle ukuthi inothi elithile kufanele ligcinwe isikhathi esingakanani.

Ukubaluleka kwengoma kaGregory yomculo waseYurophu

Ingoma kaGregory yaba yisisekelo sokuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha zomculo wezwe ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi kanye neRenaissance, isuka ku-organum (enye yezinhlobo zamazwi amabili enkathi ephakathi) iye esixukwini esinothile esimnandi se-High Renaissance.

Ingoma kaGregory inqume kakhulu indikimba (melodic) neyakhayo (uhlobo lombhalo luvezwa ngohlobo lomsebenzi womculo) isisekelo somculo weBaroque. Lena insimu evundile ngempela lapho amahlumela azo zonke izinhlobo ezalandela ze-European - ngomqondo obanzi wegama - isiko lomculo liye lahluma.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamagama nomculo

I-Dies Irae (Usuku Lolaka) - i-chorale edume kakhulu yeNkathi Ephakathi

Umlando wengoma kaGregory uxhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomlando webandla lobuKristu. Ukusebenza kwe-Liturgical okusekelwe kumahubo, ingoma ye-melismatic, amaculo noquqaba kwase kuvele kuhlukanisiwe ngaphakathi ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo, okwavumela izingoma zikaGregory ukuthi ziqhubeke ziphila kuze kube namuhla.

Amakhwaya aphinde abonise ukuzincisha kobuKristu bakuqala (ukucula okulula kwamahubo emiphakathini yesonto lokuqala) ngokugcizelela emagameni phezu komculo.

Isikhathi siye sabangela ukuculwa kweculo, lapho umbhalo oyinkondlo womthandazo uhlanganiswa ngokuvumelana nomculo womculo (uhlobo lokuvumelana phakathi kwamagama nomculo). Ukubonakala kwamaculo amnandi - ikakhulukazi amajubhili ekupheleni kwe-hallelujah - kwaphawula ukuphakama kokugcina kokuvumelana komculo phezu kwezwi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kubonisa ukusungulwa kokubusa kokugcina kobuKristu eYurophu.

Ingoma kaGregory kanye nedrama yokukhulekela

Umculo kaGregory wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kweshashalazi. Izingoma zetimu zebhayibheli nezevangeli zinikeze ithuba lokudlalwa kwamadrama. Lezi zimfihlakalo zomculo kancane kancane, ngamaholide esonto, zashiya izindonga zamasonto amakhulu futhi zangena ezigcawini zamadolobha nezindawo zokuhlala zasendulo.

Ngemva kokuhlangana nezinhlobo zesiko lesintu (imidlalo yemvunulo yama-acrobats ahambayo, ama-troubadour, abaculi, ababalisi, ama-juggler, abahamba ngentambo ecinene, abagwinyi bomlilo, njll.), idrama yokukhulekela yabeka isisekelo sazo zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezalandela.

Izindaba ezidume kakhulu zedrama yokukhulekela yizindaba zevangeli ezimayelana nokukhulekelwa kwabelusi nokufika kwezazi nezipho kuKristu oselusana, mayelana nonya lweNkosi uHerode, eyayala ukuba kubulawe zonke izingane zaseBhetlehema, futhi indaba yokuvuka kukaKristu.

Ngokudedelwa kwayo “kubantu,” idrama yenkonzo yasuka esiLatini eyisibopho yayiswa ezilimini zezwe, okwayenza yaduma nakakhulu. Abaphathi besonto base beqonda kahle ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi ubuciko buyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokumaketha, evezwa ngemibandela yesimanje, ekwazi ukuheha izingxenye ezibanzi kakhulu zabantu ethempelini.

Ingoma kaGregory, enikeze okuningi kusiko laseshashalazini nelomculo wesimanje, nokho, ayilahlekelwanga lutho, ihlale iyinto engahlukanisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa okuyingqayizivele kwenkolo, ukholo, umculo nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko. Futhi kuze kube namuhla uyasithakazelisa ngokuvumelana okufriziwe kwendawo yonke kanye nombono wezwe, ophonswe ku-chorale.