Ukukhathazeka okuguquguqukayo |

Ukukhathazeka okuguquguqukayo - imodi lapho umsebenzi wempande (i-tonic) wenziwa ngokushintshana ngamathoni ahlukene wesilinganiso esifanayo, kanye nemodi, isikali esishintsha nge-tonic efanayo (i-tonic) (ngokwe-IV Sposobin).

Umqondo "P. l.” ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kweyokuqala yalezi zindlela, nakuba kufanele kubizwe ngokuthi i-variable-tonal, kanti eyesibili - empeleni

Ingoma yomdabu yaseRussia ethi "Uyinsimu yami."

ukukhathazeka okuguquguqukayo. P. l. ezivamile Nar. umculo, ikakhulukazi ngesiRashiya. Ihlobanisa ubuthakathaka bendawo yethoni iyivumela ukuthi ishintshe kalula cishe kunoma yisiphi isinyathelo, futhi akukho ukuzwa kokuguquguquka. Umehluko phakathi kokugudluzwa kwemodi eguquguqukayo kosekelo olusuka ekuguquleni ukungabikho kokushiya ukhiye owodwa nokusungula omunye, noma ekuhlanganisweni kokubili noma ngaphezulu. okhiye (ngesikalo esisodwa) babe yimodali eyodwa. Umuzwa wokubili noma ngaphezulu uyabusa. imibala eyingxenye yesistimu efanayo ye-modal (MI Glinka, "Ivan Susanin", isenzo sokuqala, ikhorasi "Iqhwa ligcwele umfula"). Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi kuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-P. l. - i-parallel-alternating fret (bheka isibonelo esingenhla, kanye nesibonelo sengoma yesiRashiya "Ingane yahamba ehlathini" esihlokweni se-Sound system). Ukuthamba kokuguquka ukusuka kwesinye isisekelo kuye kwesinye, okujwayelekile ku-P. Kodwa-ke, enye incazelo yokucaciswa kwayo kungenzeka - bheka, isibonelo, ingcaphuno evela esenzweni sesi-1 se-opera ethi Prince Igor by Borodin:

Umdanso wamadoda uyaganga.

Emicabangweni yeNkathi Ephakathi. ukhathazekile ngegama elithi “P. l.” umqondo ohlobene yi-tonus peregrinus (“ithoni yokuzulazula”, isibonelo, emculweni we-antiphon “Nos qui vivimus”), okubonisa ukuphela komculo ekuwohlokeni. okokugcina, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinye izisekelo ze-fret. Umqondo wekhulu le-17 uyafana ngencazelo. i-alteratio modi (“ushintsho lwemodi”), isetshenziswa ezicucu eziqala ngethoni eyodwa futhi ziphele kwenye (ngu-K. Bernhard); ukuguqulwa kwephimbo kungahunyushwa kokubili njengokuguquguquka futhi njengo-P. U-NP Diletskii (70s wekhulu le-17) ulindele umbono kaP. l. emfundisweni “yomculo oxubile”. Ngokuhlukahluka kwe-modal ngesiRashiya. nar. U-NA Lvov (1790) wadonsela ukunaka ezingomeni, futhi wazichaza ngokuthi “izimanga zomculo” (izingoma No. 25 no-30 eqoqweni elithi “Iqoqo Lezingoma Zomdabu ZaseRussia Ngamazwi Azo…” kaLvov-Prach). Kodwa empeleni umqondo kanye negama elithi "P l." zahlongozwa okokuqala ngu-VL Yavorsky. Ithiyori yakhe incazelo yabiliswa eqinisweni lokuthi amathoni athile azinzile engxenyeni eyodwa yesakhiwo se-modal, futhi awazinzile kwenye (amandla adonsela phansi ahlehlayo, ngokusho kuka-VA Zuckerman, isibonelo, imisindo ga).

Yu. I-N. Tyulin ixhuma ukwenzeka kwe-P. l. nge-amplification ye-variable chord function.

References: ULvov HA, On Russian Folk Singing, encwadini yakhe: Ukuqoqwa Kwezingoma Zomdabu ZaseRussia ezinamazwi Abo, iSt. Petersburg, 1790, yanyatheliswa kabusha. M., 1955; UDiletsky HP, Umculi Wohlelo Lolimi, (eSt. Petersburg), ngo-1910; I-Protopopov EV, Izakhi zesakhiwo senkulumo yomculo, izingxenye 1-2. M., 1930; Tyulin Yu. N., Incwadi yokuvumelana, ingxenye 2, M., 1959; I-Vakhromeev VA, Isakhiwo se-Modal sezingoma zomdabu zaseRussia kanye nesifundo saso ngesikhathi sethiyori yokuqala yomculo, M., 1968; Sposobin IV, Izinkulumo ngenkambo yokuvumelana, M., 1969; I-Protopopov VI, u-Nikolai Diletsky kanye ne-"Grammar Yomculo", "Musica Antiqua", IV, Bydgoszcz, 1975; Tsukerman VA, Eminye imibuzo yokuvumelana, encwadini yakhe: izindatshana zomculo-thiyori kanye ne-etudes, vol. 2, M., 1975; Müller-Blattau J., Die Kompositionslehre Heinrich Schützens in der Fassung senes Schülers Christoph Bernhard, Lpz., 1926, Kassel ua, 1963.

Yu. H. Kholopov