U-Alexis Weissenberg |

U-Alexis Weissenberg

Ngolunye usuku lwasehlobo ngo-1972, iHholo Lekhonsathi YaseBulgaria laliminyene. Abathandi bomculo kaSofia beza ekhonsathini yomdlali wepiyano u-Alexis Weissenberg. Kokubili umculi kanye nezilaleli zenhloko-dolobha yaseBulgaria zazilindele lolu suku ngenjabulo ekhethekile nokuntula isineke, njengoba nje umama elindele umhlangano nendodana yakhe elahlekile nesanda kutholwa. Bawulalele umdlalo wakhe ngomoya ophansi, base bengamvumeli ukuba aphume esiteji isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora, kwaze kwaba yilapho le ndoda eyayizithibe futhi ebukeka edlubulundela ishiya isiteji ikhihla isililo, ithi: “Ngingumuntu IsiBulgaria. Ngangiyithanda futhi ngithanda iBulgaria yami ethandekayo kuphela. Angisoze ngasikhohlwa lesi sikhathi.”

Kwaphela kanjalo-ke i-odyssey yeminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 yomculi waseBulgaria onethalente, i-odyssey egcwele ukuzijabulisa nomzabalazo.

Ubuntwana bomculi wesikhathi esizayo wadlula eSofia. Unina, umculi wepiyano onguchwepheshe uLilian Piha, waqala ukumfundisa umculo eneminyaka engu-6. Umqambi ovelele nomdlali wepiyano uPancho Vladigerov ngokushesha waba umeluleki wakhe, owamnika isikole esihle kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ububanzi bombono wakhe womculo.

Amakhonsathi okuqala ka-Siggi osemusha - leli kwakuyigama lobuciko lika-Weisenberg ebusheni bakhe - abanjelwa e-Sofia nase-Istanbul ngempumelelo. Ngokushesha wadonsa ukunaka kuka-A. Cortot, D. Lipatti, L. Levy.

Ekupheleni kwempi, umama, ebalekela amaNazi, wakwazi ukuhamba naye baye eMpumalanga Ephakathi. USiggi wenze amakhonsathi ePalestine (lapho abuye wafunda khona noSolwazi L. Kestenberg), wase e-Egypt, eSyria, eNingizimu Afrika, wagcina efikile e-USA. Le nsizwa iqeda imfundo yakhe e-Juilliard School, ekilasini lika-O. Samarova-Stokowskaya, ifunda umculo kaBach ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaWanda Landdowskaya ngokwakhe, ngokushesha ifinyelela impumelelo ephawulekayo. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngo-1947, waba ngumnqobi emiqhudelwaneni emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa - umncintiswano wentsha we-Philadelphia Orchestra kanye noMqhudelwano Wesishiyagalombili weLeventritt, ngaleso sikhathi owawubaluleke kakhulu eMelika. Ngenxa yalokho - i-debut yokunqoba ne-Philadelphia Orchestra, uhambo lwamazwe ayishumi nanye eLatin America, ikhonsathi eyedwa eCarnegie Hall. Mayelana nokubukezwa okuningi okujabulisayo okuvela emaphephandabeni, sicaphuna enye efakwe kuyi-New York Telegram: “I-Weisenberg inabo bonke ubuciko obudingekayo kumculi osanda kufunda, ikhono elimangalisayo lokubeka amagama, isipho sokunikeza umculo womculo nomoya ojabulisayo wengoma. ingoma…”

Yaqala kanjalo-ke impilo ematasa ye-virtuoso evamile ejikelezayo, eyayinekhono eliqinile kanye ne-repertoire emaphakathi, kodwa, nokho, eyaba nempumelelo ehlala njalo. Kodwa ngo-1957, u-Weisenberg wavele washaya isivalo sopiyano futhi wathula. Ngemva kokuzinza eParis, wayeka ukucula. Kamuva wavuma: “Ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi kancane kancane ngase ngiba isiboshwa esivamile, amagama asevele aziwa kakade okwakudingeka ukuba ngibaleke kuwo. Kwadingeka ngigxile futhi ngenze ukuhlola, ukusebenza kanzima - ukufunda, ukufunda, "ukuhlasela" umculo kaBach, uBartok, uStravinsky, ukutadisha ifilosofi, izincwadi, ukukala izinketho zami.

Ukuxoshwa ngokuzithandela esiteji kwaqhubeka - icala elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili - iminyaka eyi-10! Ngo-1966, u-Weisenberg waqala ukucula futhi nge-orchestra eyayiqhutshwa u-G. Karayan. Abagxeki abaningi bazibuze lo mbuzo - ingabe i-Weissenberg entsha yavela phambi komphakathi noma cha? Futhi baphendula: akuyona entsha, kodwa, ngokungangabazeki, ivuselelwe, yacubungula kabusha izindlela nezimiso zayo, yacebisa i-repertoire, yaba sína kakhulu futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo endleleni yayo yobuciko. Futhi lokhu akuzange kumlethele ukuthandwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nenhlonipho, nakuba hhayi ukuqashelwa ngazwi linye. Bambalwa abadlali bopiyano bosuku lwethu abavame ukufika ekugxilweni komphakathi, kodwa bambalwa ababangela impikiswano enjalo, ngezinye izikhathi isichotho semicibisholo ebucayi. Abanye bamhlukanisa njengomculi wezinga eliphezulu kakhulu futhi bambeke ezingeni likaHorowitz, abanye, bebona ubuhle bakhe obungenakulinganiswa, bakubize ngohlangothi olulodwa, olunqoba uhlangothi lomculo lomsebenzi. Umgxeki u-E. Croher wakhumbula amazwi kaGoethe mayelana nezingxabano ezinjalo: “Lokhu kuwuphawu oluhle kakhulu lokuthi akekho okhuluma ngaye ngokunganaki.”

Ngempela, abekho abantu abangenandaba namakhonsathi ka-Weisenberg. Nansi indlela intatheli yesiFulentshi uSerge Lantz echaza ngayo umbono owenziwa umdlali wopiyano ezilalelini. U-Weissenberg uthatha isiteji. Kusenjalo kuvele kubonakale ukuthi mude kakhulu. Ushintsho ekubukeni kwendoda esisanda kuyibona ngemuva kwezigcawu kuyamangaza: ubuso bunjengokungathi buqoshwe egwadleni, umnsalo uvinjelwe, ukuqhuma kwekhibhodi kukhanya ngokushesha, ukunyakaza kuqinisekiswa. I-charm iyamangalisa! Ukubonakaliswa okuyingqayizivele kokwazi okuphelele kobuntu bakhe kanye nezilaleli zakhe. Ingabe ucabanga ngabo uma edlala? “Cha, ngigxile emculweni ngokuphelele,” kuphendula umculi. Ehlezi ensimbini, u-Weisenberg uvele angabi ngokoqobo, ubonakala evalelwe ngaphandle, eqala uhambo olunesizungu ngokusebenzisa i-ether yomculo womhlaba. Kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi indoda ekuye ithatha indawo yokuqala ngaphezu komdlali wezinsimbi: ubuntu bokuqala buthatha ukubaluleka okukhulu kunekhono lokuhumusha lesibili, kuthuthukisa futhi kuphefumule impilo ibe yinqubo yokwenza kahle. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu yomdlali wepiyano u-Weisenberg…”

Futhi nansi indlela umculi ngokwakhe aqonda ngayo ubizo lwakhe: "Lapho umculi okhokhelwayo engena esiteji, kufanele azizwe njengonkulunkulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kwehlise abalaleli futhi babaholele endleleni oyifunayo, ukubakhulula emibonweni ephambili nama-clichés, ukumisa ukubusa okuphelele phezu kwabo. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho engabizwa khona ngomdali weqiniso. Umdlali kufanele awazi ngokugcwele amandla akhe phezu komphakathi, kodwa ukuze adonsele kuwo hhayi ukuziqhenya noma izimangalo, kodwa amandla azomenza abe umashiqela weqiniso esiteji.

Lesi sithombe somuntu siqu sinikeza umbono onembile wendlela yokudala ka-Weisenberg, wezikhundla zakhe zokuqala zobuciko. Ngokungakhethi, siyaqaphela ukuthi imiphumela ezuzwe nguye ikude kakhulu nokukholisa wonke umuntu. Abagxeki abaningi bayamphika imfudumalo, ububele, ingokomoya, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ithalente langempela lomhumushi. Yiziphi, isibonelo, imigqa enjalo efakwe kumagazini othi "Musical America" ​​ngo-1975: "U-Alexis Weissenberg, nawo wonke amandla akhe acacile kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe, akanalo izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile - ubuciko nomuzwa" ...

Noma kunjalo, inani labathandi be-Weisenberg, ikakhulukazi eFrance, e-Italy naseBulgaria, likhula njalo. Futhi hhayi ngengozi. Yiqiniso, akuyona yonke into emculweni omkhulu womculi ophumelelayo ngokulinganayo (ku-Chopin, isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuntuleka komfutho wothando, ukusondelana kwezingoma), kodwa ekuchazeni okungcono kakhulu ufinyelela ukuphelela okuphezulu; bahlala beveza ukushayeka komcabango, ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani nobumnene, ukwenqatshwa kwanoma yimaphi ama-clichés, noma yimuphi umkhuba - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma nge-partitas ka-Bach noma Ukuhlukahluka endikimbeni kaGoldberg, amakhonsathi kaMozart, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Prokofiev. , Brahms, Bartok. I-Sonata ka-Liszt ku-B minor noma i-Fog's Carnival, i-Perushka ka-Stravinsky noma i-Ravel's Noble and Sentimental Waltzes nezinye izingoma eziningi.

Mhlawumbe umgxeki waseBulgaria uS. Stoyanova wayichaza ngokunembe kakhulu indawo ka-Weisenberg emhlabeni womculo wesimanje: “Isenzakalo sase-Weisenberg sidinga okungaphezu nje kokuhlola. Udinga ukutholakala kwesici, esiqondile, esimenza abe Weissenberg. Okokuqala, indawo yokuqala yindlela yobuhle. I-Weisenberg ihlose ukujwayeleka kakhulu kwisitayela sanoma yimuphi umqambi, okokuqala iveza izici zakhe ezivame kakhulu, into efana nencazelo ye-arithmetic. Ngakho-ke, uya emfanekisweni womculo ngendlela emfushane, esulwe imininingwane ... . Ngakho-ke, e-Weisenberg ngeke sithole noma yikuphi ukuchezuka - noma ohlangothini lombala, noma kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwengqondo, nanoma yikuphi okunye. Uhlala edlala ngokunengqondo, ngenhloso, ngokunquma nangempumelelo. Yinhle noma cha? Konke kuncike emgomweni. Ukuthandwa kwamagugu omculo kudinga lolu hlobo lomdlali wopiyano - lokhu akunakuphikiswa.

Ngempela, ukufaneleka kwe-Weisenberg ekukhuthazeni umculo, ekudonseleni izinkulungwane zabalaleli kuwo, akunakuphikwa. Njalo ngonyaka unikeza inqwaba yamakhonsathi hhayi eParis kuphela, ezikhungweni ezinkulu, kodwa nasemadolobheni ezifundazweni, ngokuzithandela udlalela abantu abasha, ukhuluma kuthelevishini, futhi ufunda nabadlali bopiyano abasha. Futhi muva nje kuvele ukuthi umculi uyakwazi "ukuthola" isikhathi sokuqamba: umculo wakhe uFugue, odlalwa eParis, ube yimpumelelo engenakuphikwa. Futhi-ke, manje u-Weisenberg ubuyela ezweni lakubo minyaka yonke, lapho abingelelwa khona izinkulungwane zabantu abashisekayo.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990