Umlando nezici zomtshingo ophambanayo

Uhlolojikelele lomlando

Kungashiwo ukuthi umlando womtshingo ungowomunye wemilando ekude kakhulu yezinsimbi ezaziwa yithi namuhla. Ibuyela emuva eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, nakuba vele izinsimbi zokuqala azizange zifane nalezo ezaziwa kithi namuhla. Ekuqaleni, zazenziwe ngomhlanga, ithambo noma ngokhuni (kuhlanganise ne-ebony, boxwood), izinyo lendlovu, i-porcelain ngisho nekristalu. Ngokwemvelo, ekuqaleni babengamarekhodi, futhi enye yokuqala eyayinesikali ngomqondo wamanje wegama yayinezimbobo eziyisishiyagalombili. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, umtshingo wavela ngesivinini esihlukile, kodwa inguquko yangempela enjalo mayelana nokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwenzeka kuphela ngekhulu le-1831, lapho u-Theobald Boehm, eminyakeni ye-1847-XNUMX, enza umakhenikha nokwakhiwa okufanayo. owanamuhla. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, umtshingo oguquguqukayo nezinye izinsimbi eziningi zaba nezinguqulo ezihlukahlukene. Cishe kuze kube ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, iningi lazo lenziwe cishe ngokhuni lonke. Namuhla, imitshingo eminingi eguquguqukayo yenziwe ngezinsimbi. Yiqiniso, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi, kodwa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni komtshingo oguquguqukayo yi-nickel noma isiliva. Igolide neplatinamu nakho kusetshenziselwa ukwakha. Kuye ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, insimbi izoba nomsindo wayo wesici. Ngokuvamile, ukuze bathole umsindo oyingqayizivele, abakhiqizi bakha ithuluzi besebenzisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene eziyigugu, bazihlanganise nomunye nomunye, isib.

Izici zomtshingo

Umtshingo ovundlile ungoweqembu lezinsimbi zokhuni. Kuleli qembu iyinsimbi ekwazi ukuzuza umsindo ophakeme kakhulu. Futhi inesikali esibanzi kakhulu sanoma iyiphi insimbi yomoya wokhuni, kusukela ku-c noma ku-h minor, kuye ngokwakhiwa, kufika ku-d4. Ngokwethiyori, ungakwazi ngisho nokukhipha i-f4, nakuba kunzima kakhulu ukuyifinyelela. Amanothi engxenye yomtshingo abhalwe ku-treble clef. Le nsimbi ithola ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomculo. Iphelele njengensimbi eyedwa kanye nensimbi ehambisana nayo. Singahlangana naye ngamaqoqo amancane e-symphony noma kuma-orchestra e-jazz.

Ukwakhiwa komtshingo ophambanayo

Umtshingo oguquguqukayo unezingxenye ezintathu: ikhanda, umzimba nonyawo. Ekhanda kunomlomo esicindezela kuwo izindebe. Ikhanda lishuthekwa emzimbeni ngezimbobo zokuvuleka kanye nomshini onama-flap angu-13 avula futhi avale izimbobo. Ama-flap angavuleka anezimbobo zeminwe phakathi noma avale ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi kugcwele. Isici sesithathu unyawo, okuyingxenye ekuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe imisindo ephansi kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinyawo: unyawo c (kufika ku-c¹) kanye no-h (inde, ne-flap eyengeziwe ka-h omncane).

Izici zobuchwepheshe zomtshingo

Ngenxa yesilinganiso esibanzi kakhulu kanye nesakhiwo somtshingo ovundlile, amathuba aleli thuluzi makhulu ngempela. Ungawudlala ngokukhululeka usebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene nezindlela zokudlala esizaziyo namuhla, okuhlanganisa: i-legato, i-staccato, i-staccato ephindwe kabili nekathathu, i-tremolo, i-frullato, zonke izinhlobo zemihlobiso, nama-whirlpools. Futhi, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, ungakwazi ukumboza amabanga amade ngempela phakathi kwemisindo ngayinye, eyaziwa ngokuthi izikhawu. Isikali sethoni somtshingo ovundlanayo singahlukaniswa sibe amarejista amane ayisisekelo: Irejista ephansi (c1-g1), ebonakala ngomsindo omnyama nohayizayo. Irejista emaphakathi (a1-d3) inomsindo opholile, othambile futhi ogqamile njengoba amanothi eqhubekela phezulu. Irejista ephezulu (e3-b3) inomsindo ocacile, oyikristalu, ocijile futhi ohlabayo. Irejista ephakeme kakhulu (h3-d4) ibonakala ngomsindo obukhali kakhulu, ogqamile. Yiqiniso, amathuba ashukumisayo, okuhumusha kanye nokukhuluma ancike ngokuqondile kumakhono omtshingo weflutist ngokwakhe.

Izinhlobo zomtshingo ophambanayo

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaleli thuluzi, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu nezithandwa kakhulu zihlanganisa: umtshingo omkhulu oguquguqukayo (ojwayelekile) onesilinganiso esisuka ku-c¹ noma ku-h esincane (kuncike ekwakhiweni konyawo lomtshingo) kuya ku-d4, bese umtshingo we-piccolo, omfishane cishe uhhafu kunendinganiso futhi ekushutheni i-octave ephakeme, kanye nomtshingo we-alto, isikali sawo sisuka ku-f siye ku-f3. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezaziwa kancane zemitshingo eguquguqukayo, kodwa ngokuvamile azisetshenziswa ngokuphelele okwamanje.

Isifinyezo

Ngokungangabazeki, umtshingo oguquguqukayo ungenye yezinsimbi ezinamandla amakhulu omculo, kodwa futhi ungenye yezinsimbi ezinzima kakhulu zokufunda izinsimbi zokhuni.