UJohn Barbirolli (John Barbirolli) |

UJohn Barbirolli

UJohn Barbirolli uthanda ukuzibiza ngomdabu waseLondon. Wayehlobene ngempela nenhloko-dolobha yaseNgilandi: abantu abambalwa ngisho naseNgilandi bayakhumbula ukuthi isibongo sakhe sizwakala isiNtaliyane ngesizathu, futhi igama langempela lomculi akuyona neze uJohane, kodwa uGivanni Battista. Unina ungumFulentshi, kanti ohlangothini lukayise uphuma emndenini womculo wase-Italy ozuzwe njengefa: umkhulu nobaba womculi babengabadlali bevayolini futhi badlala ndawonye ku-orchestra yaseLa Scala ngosuku olungasoze lwalibaleka lwe-premiere ye-Othello. Yebo, futhi i-Barbirolli ibukeka njengesiNtaliyane: izici ezibukhali, izinwele ezimnyama, amehlo aqhakazile. Akumangalisi ukuthi uToscanini, ehlangana naye okokuqala eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, wababaza: “Yebo, kumelwe ukuba uyindodana kaLorenzo, umshayi wevayolini!”

Nokho uBarbirolli uyiNgisi - ngokukhuliswa kwakhe, ukuthanda umculo, isimo sengqondo esilinganiselayo. I-maestro yesikhathi esizayo yakhuliswa endaweni ecebile ngobuciko. Ngokwesiko lomndeni, babefuna ukumenza umdlali wevayolini. Kodwa umfana akakwazanga ukuhlala ethule ne-violin futhi, ngenkathi efunda, wayelokhu ezulazula ekamelweni. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umkhulu aqhamuke khona nalo mbono – akafunde ukudlala i-cello: awukwazi ukuhamba naye.

Ngokokuqala ngqa uBarbirolli wabonakala phambi komphakathi njengomculi oyedwa ku-orchestra yabafundi base-Trinity College, kwathi eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu - ngemva konyaka - wangena eRoyal Academy of Music, ekilasini le-cello, ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu lapho asebenza khona. ama-orchestra angaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-G. Wood kanye no-T. Beecham - nge-Russian Ballet nase-Covent Garden Theatre. Njengelungu le-International String Quartet, udlale eFrance, Netherlands, Spain nasekhaya. Ekugcineni, ngo-1924, uBarbirolli wahlela iqembu lakhe, i-Barbirolli String Orchestra.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala umsebenzi Barbirolli umqhubi. Ngokushesha amakhono akhe okuqhuba adonsela ukunaka kwe-impresario, futhi ngo-1926 wamenywa ukuba aqhube uchungechunge lwemidlalo ye-British National Opera Company - "Aida", "Romeo and Juliet", "Cio-Cio-San", "Falstaff". ”. Ngaleyo minyaka, uGiovanni Battista, futhi waqala ukubizwa ngegama lesiNgisi elithi John.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naphezu kokuqala okuphumelelayo kwe-operatic, u-Barbirolli wazinikela ngokwengeziwe ekuqhubeni ikhonsathi. Ngo-1933, waqala ukuhola iqembu elikhulu - i-Scottish Orchestra eGlasgow - futhi eminyakeni emithathu yomsebenzi wakwazi ukuliguqula libe elinye lama-orchestra angcono kakhulu ezweni.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, idumela likaBarbirolli lakhula kangangokuthi wamenywa eNew York Philharmonic Orchestra ukuze athathe isikhundla sika-Arturo Toscanini njengomholi wayo. Wamelana nobunzima obunzima ngokuhlonishwa - obunzima obuphindwe kabili, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi eNew York ngaleso sikhathi amagama cishe abo bonke abaqhubi abakhulu emhlabeni abafudukela e-United States ngesikhathi sobufascism avela kumaphosta. Kodwa lapho impi igqashuka, umqhubi wanquma ukubuyela ezweni lakubo. Waphumelela kuphela ngo-1942, ngemva kohambo olunzima nolwezinsuku eziningi ngomkhumbi-ngwenya. Ukwamukelwa ngentshiseko akunikwa abantu bakubo kwanquma lolu daba, ngonyaka olandelayo lo mculi wagcina enyakaza futhi wahola elinye lamaqoqo amadala kakhulu, i-Halle Orchestra.

Naleli qembu, u-Barbirolli wasebenza iminyaka eminingi, ebuyisela kuye inkazimulo ayeyijabulele ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule; ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokokuqala ngqa i-orchestra evela esifundazweni isibe yiqembu lamazwe ngamazwe ngempela. Abaqhubi abahamba phambili emhlabeni kanye nabacula ngabodwana baqala ukucula naye. U-Barbirolli ngokwakhe wahamba eminyakeni yangemva kwempi - kokubili eyedwa, kanye ne-orchestra yakhe, kanye namanye amaqembu esiNgisi ngokoqobo umhlaba wonke. Ngeminyaka yawo-60 uphinde wahola i-orchestra yaseHouston (USA). Ngo-1967, eholwa yi-BBC Orchestra, wavakashela i-USSR. Kuze kube namuhla, ujabulela ukuthandwa okumfanele kokubili ekhaya naphesheya.

Ukufaneleka kwe-Barbirolli kwezobuciko besiNgisi akugcini nje ekuhleleni nasekuqinisweni kwamaqembu e-orchestra. Waziwa njengomgqugquzeli oshisekayo womsebenzi wabaqambi besiNgisi, futhi ngokuyinhloko u-Elgar noVaughan Williams, umculi wokuqala wemisebenzi eminingi ayeyiyo. Indlela ezolile, ecacile, ebabazekayo yomqhubi womculi ifanelana ngokuphelele nemvelo yomculo wabaqambi be-symphonic baseNgilandi. Abaqambi abathandwayo baka-Barbirolli bahlanganisa nabaqambi bokuphela kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ochwepheshe befomu elikhulu le-symphonic; ngokusuka okukhulu nangokukholisa udlulisela imiqondo eyisikhumbuzo kaBrahms, uSibelius, uMahler.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969