Ukufunda ukudlala i-Balalaika

Ukwakhiwa kwamathuluzi. Ulwazi olusebenzayo neziqondiso. Ukufika ngesikhathi somdlalo.

1. I-balalaika kufanele ibe nezintambo ezingaki, futhi kufanele ishunwe kanjani.

I-balalaika kufanele ibe nezintambo ezintathu kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "balalaika" tuning. Awekho amanye ama-tunings e-balalaika: isiginci, amancane, njll. - awasetshenziselwa ukudlala ngamanothi. Intambo yokuqala ye-balalaika kufanele ilungiswe ngokuya ngemfoloko yokulungisa, ngokusho kwenkinobho ye-accordion noma ngokusho kwepiyano ukuze inikeze umsindo we-LA we-octave yokuqala. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu yesibili neyesithathu kufanele ishunwe ukuze inikeze umsindo we-MI we-octave yokuqala.

Ngakho-ke, izintambo zesibili nezesithathu kufanele zicushwe ngokufana ncamashi, futhi intambo yokuqala (encane) kufanele inikeze umsindo ofanayo otholakala entanjeni yesibili neyesithathu lapho icindezelwa ku-fret yesihlanu. Ngakho-ke, uma izintambo zesibili nezesithathu ze-balalaika ecushwe kahle zicindezelwa ku-fret yesihlanu, futhi intambo yokuqala ishiywe ivulekile, khona-ke zonke, lapho zishaywa noma zihlutshiwe, kufanele zinikeze umsindo ofanayo ukuphakama - LA yokuqala. i-octave.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuma kwezintambo kufanele kume ukuze ibanga elisuka kulo ukuya ku-fireth yeshumi nambili lilingana nebanga ukusuka ku-fireth yeshumi nambili kuya ku-nut. Uma ukuma kungekho endaweni, khona-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola izikali ezifanele ku-balalaika.

Iyiphi intambo ebizwa ngokuthi eyokuqala, eyesibili futhi eyesithathu, kanye nenombolo ye-frets kanye nendawo yokuma kwezintambo kuboniswa emfanekisweni othi "Balalaika kanye negama lezingxenye zalo".

I-Balalaika negama lezingxenye zayo

2. Yiziphi izidingo okufanele ithuluzi lihlangabezane nazo.

Udinga ukufunda ukudlala insimbi ekahle. Insimbi enhle kuphela enganikeza umsindo oqinile, omuhle, omnandi, futhi ukuvezwa kobuciko kokusebenza kuncike kwikhwalithi yomsindo nekhono lokuwusebenzisa.

Ithuluzi elihle akunzima ukulinquma ngokubukeka kwalo - kufanele libe lihle ngokuma, lakhiwe ngezinto ezisezingeni elihle, lipholishwe kahle futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingxenyeni zalo kufanele lihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

Intamo ye-balalaika kufanele iqonde ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela nokuqhekeka, ingabi nkulu kakhulu futhi ikhululekile ku-girth yayo, kodwa ingabi mncane kakhulu, ngoba kulokhu, ngaphansi kwethonya lezici zangaphandle (ukungezwani kwezintambo, umswakama, izinguquko zokushisa), ekugcineni ingasonteka. Into engcono kakhulu ye-fretboard yi-ebony.

Ama-frets kufanele ahlanganiswe kahle kokubili phezulu nasemaphethelweni e-fretboard futhi angaphazamisi ukunyakaza kweminwe yesandla sobunxele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ama-frets kumele abe nobude obufanayo noma alale endizeni efanayo, okungukuthi, ukuze umbusi obekwe phezu kwabo ngonqenqema ubathinte bonke ngaphandle kokukhetha. Uma udlala i-balalaika, izintambo ezicindezelwe kunoma iyiphi i-fret kufanele zinikeze umsindo ocacile, ongadli. Izinto ezingcono kakhulu zama-frets yinsimbi emhlophe ne-nickel.

Izikhonkwane zezintambo kufanele zibe ngomshini. Babamba isistimu kahle futhi bavumela ukushuna okulula nokunemba kwethuluzi. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igiya kanye nesibungu ezikhonkwaneni zihlelekile, zenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, azigugi entanjeni, azigqwali futhi kulula ukuzijika. Leyo ngxenye yesikhonkwane, lapho intambo iboshwe khona, akufanele ibe yigodi, kodwa isuke yonke insimbi. Izimbobo lapho izintambo zidluliselwa kuzo kufanele zifakwe kahle emaphethelweni, ngaphandle kwalokho izintambo zizophambana ngokushesha. Amakhanda ethambo, insimbi noma umama-we-pearl kufanele afakwe kahle kuwo. Ngokukhala okungekuhle, lawa makhanda azogegetheka ngesikhathi sokudlala.

Ibhodi lomsindo elakhiwe ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu esinomsindo elinezinsika ezivamile, ezihambisanayo kufanele libe sicaba futhi lingalokothi ligobe ngaphakathi.

Uma kunesivikelo esinama-hinged, kufanele unake ukuthi sinamathele ngempela futhi asithinti idekhi. Izikhali kufanele zenziwe nge-veneered, zenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile (ukuze zingaguquki). Inhloso yawo ukuvikela ideski elithambile ekushaqekeni nasekubhujisweni.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-rosette azungeze ibhokisi lezwi, emakhoneni nase-saddle awagcini nje ukuhlobisa, kodwa futhi avikela izingxenye ezisengozini kakhulu zebhodi lomsindo emonakalweni.

Izinsika ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi kufanele zenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile noma ngethambo ukuze zingagugi ngokushesha. Uma i-nati ilimele, izintambo zilala entanyeni (kuma-frets) futhi zihlengezele; uma isihlalo silimele, izintambo zingalimaza ibhodi lomsindo.

Ukuma kwezintambo kufanele kwenziwe nge-maple futhi nayo yonke indiza yayo ephansi isondelene nebhodi lomsindo, ngaphandle kokunikeza izikhala. Izitendi ze-ebony, i-oki, ithambo, noma i-softwood azituswa, njengoba zidambisa i-sonority yensimbi noma, ngokuphambene, zinikeza i-timbre enokhahlo, engathandeki. Ukuphakama kokuma nakho kubalulekile; ukuma okuphezulu kakhulu, nakuba kwandisa amandla nobukhali bensimbi, kodwa kwenza kube nzima ukukhipha umsindo omnandi; iphansi kakhulu - ikhulisa ukuzwakala kwensimbi, kodwa yenza buthaka amandla e-sonority yayo; indlela yokukhipha umsindo yenziwe lula kakhulu futhi ijwayela umdlali we-balaika ukuthi adlale ngendlela engenzi lutho, engaqondakali. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kokuma kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Isitendi esikhethwe kabi singalulaza umsindo wensimbi futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuyidlala.

Izinkinobho zezintambo (eduze nesihlalo) kufanele zenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile kakhulu noma ithambo futhi zihlale ziqinile ezisekelweni zazo.

Izintambo ze-balalaika ezijwayelekile zisetshenziselwa insimbi, kanti intambo yokuqala (LA) iwugqinsi olufana nentambo yesiginci sokuqala, kanti izintambo zesibili nezesithathu (MI) kufanele zibe zincane! kushubile kunokuqala.

Ekhonsathini ye-balalaika, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa intambo yesiginci sensimbi yokuqala ochungechungeni lokuqala (LA), kanye neyunithi yezinhlamvu yesibili neyesithathu (MI) kungaba iyunithi yezinhlamvu yesibili yesiginci noma intambo ye-violin ewugqinsi engu-LA.

Ukuhlanzeka kokushuna kanye ne-timbre yensimbi kuncike ekukhethweni kwezintambo. Izintambo ezincane kakhulu zinikeza umsindo obuthakathaka, okhehlezayo; aminyene kakhulu noma enze kube nzima ukudlala futhi aphuce insimbi yomculo omnandi, noma, ngokungawugcini ukuhleleka, adabukile.

Izintambo zigxilwe ezikhonkwane kanje: iluphu yentambo ifakwa enkinobho esihlalweni; ukugwema ukusonta nokuphula intambo, uyibeke ngokucophelela endaweni yokuma kanye ne-nut; umkhawulo ongaphezulu wentambo kabili, kanye nentambo ye-vein nokunye - kuhlanganiswe esikhumbeni kusukela kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele bese kudlula kuphela emgodini, futhi ngemva kwalokho, ngokuguqula isikhonkwane, intambo ihlelwe kahle.

Kunconywa ukwenza i-loop ekugcineni okungezansi kwentambo ye-vein ngale ndlela: uma ugoqa intambo njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, faka i-loop kwesokudla ngakwesobunxele, bese ufaka iluphu ephuma kwesokunxele enkinobho bese uyiqinisa ngokuqinile. Uma intambo idinga ukususwa, kwanele ukuyidonsa kancane ekugcineni okufushane, i-loop izokhululeka futhi ingasuswa kalula ngaphandle kwama-kinks.

Umsindo wensimbi kufanele ugcwale, uqine futhi ube ne-timbre emnandi, engenakho ukhahlo noma ubuthulu (“umgqomo”). Lapho ukhipha umsindo ezintanjeni ezingacindezelwe, kufanele kube yinde futhi kuphele hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa kancane kancane. Izinga lomsindo lincike kakhulu kubukhulu obufanele bensimbi kanye nekhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, ibhuloho nezintambo.

3. Kungani phakathi nomdlalo kuba namahemuhemu nokuhlengezela.

a) Uma intambo ixege kakhulu noma icindezelwe ngokungalungile iminwe kuma-frets. Kudingekile ukucindezela izintambo kuma-frets kuphela lawo alandelayo, futhi phambi kwe-metal nut ekhungathekile kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. Nos. 6, 12, 13, njll.

b) Uma ama-frets engalingani ngobude, amanye awo aphezulu, amanye aphansi. Kuyadingeka ukukala ama-frets ngefayela bese uwagcoba nge-sandpaper. Nakuba lokhu kuwukulungisa okulula, kusengcono ukuphathisa uchwepheshe onguchwepheshe.

c) Uma ama-frets egugile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ama-indent akhiwe kuwo. Ukulungiswa okufanayo njengasesimeni sangaphambili kuyadingeka, noma ukushintshwa kwama-frets amadala ngezintsha. Ukulungisa kungenziwa kuphela uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.

d) Uma izikhonkwane zingagqashulwanga kahle. Badinga ukucutshungulwa futhi baqiniswe.

e) Uma inati liphansi noma linesikeko lijule kakhulu ngaphansi kwezwe. Idinga ukushintshwa kufakwe entsha.

e) Uma intambo yokuma iphansi. Udinga ukuyisetha phezulu.

g) Uma isitendi sivulekile edekhini. Kudingekile ukuvumelanisa indiza engezansi yokuma ngommese, i-planer noma ifayela ukuze ivumelane ngokuqinile emphemeni futhi akukho zikhala noma izikhala zefomu phakathi kwayo nedeski.

h) Uma kukhona imifantu noma imifantu emzimbeni noma edekhini lensimbi. Ithuluzi lidinga ukulungiswa nguchwepheshe.

i) Uma iziphethu zisalele ngemuva (zisukile emphemeni). Kudingeka ukulungiswa okukhulu: ukuvula ibhodi lomsindo nokunamathisela imithombo (imicu emincane ephambanayo enamathiselwe ngaphakathi ebhodini lemisindo nezinto zokubala).

j) Uma isivikelo esinamahenjisi sisontekile futhi sithinta umpheme. Kudingekile ukulungisa izikhali, i-veneer noma esikhundleni saso esisha. Okwesikhashana, ukuze uqede ukugobhoza, ungabeka i-gasket encane yokhuni endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwegobolondo nedekhi.

k) Uma izintambo zincane kakhulu noma zishuniwe ziphansi kakhulu. Kufanele ukhethe izintambo zokujiya okufanele, bese ushuna insimbi kwimfoloko yokushuna.

m) Uma izintambo zamathumbu zifadalakile futhi kwakhiwe uboya nama-burrs kuzo. Izintambo ezigugile kufanele zishintshwe kufakwe ezintsha.

4. Kungani izintambo zingasebenzi kuma-frets futhi insimbi yomculo ayinikezi ukuhleleka okufanele.

a) Uma intambo yokumisa ingekho endaweni. Isitendi kufanele sime ukuze ibanga ukusuka kuso ukuya ku-fret yeshumi nambili lilingana nebanga ukusuka ku-fireth yeshumi nambili kuya kumantongomane.

Uma intambo, ecindezelwe ku-fret yeshumi nambili, inganikezi i-octave ehlanzekile maqondana nomsindo wentambo evulekile futhi izwakala iphakeme kunalokho okufanele, ukuma kufanele kuhanjiswe kude nebhokisi lezwi; uma intambo izwakala iphansi, khona-ke ukuma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele kuhanjiswe eduze kwebhokisi lezwi.

Indawo lapho isitendi kufanele sibe khona ngokuvamile imakwa ngechashaza elincane ezinsimbini ezinhle.

b) Uma izintambo zingamanga, zingalingani, zingasebenzi kahle. Kufanele kushintshwe iyunithi yezinhlamvu zekhwalithi engcono. Intambo yensimbi enhle inokucwebezela okungokwemvelo kwensimbi, imelana nokugoba, futhi ikwazi ukumelana nokuqina. Intambo eyenziwe ngensimbi embi noma ngensimbi ayinayo i-sheen yensimbi, igoba kalula futhi ayiphumi kahle.

Izintambo zamathumbu zisebenza kabi kakhulu. Intambo yamathumbu engalingani, engapholishiwe kahle ayinikezi ukuhleleka okufanele.

Uma ukhetha izintambo eziyinhloko, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imitha yezintambo, ongayenza ngokwakho kusuka ensimbi, ngokhuni noma ngisho namakhadibhodi.
Indandatho ngayinye yentambo yomthambo, ngokucophelela, ukuze ingachobozeki, iphushelwa esikhaleni semitha yentambo, futhi uma intambo kubo bonke ubude bayo inobukhulu obufanayo, okungukuthi, esikhaleni semitha yentambo ihlala njalo. ifinyelela ukuhlukana okufanayo kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zayo, khona-ke izozwakala kahle.

Izinga nokuhlanzeka komsindo weyunithi yezinhlamvu (ngaphandle kokuthembeka kwayo) nakho kuncike kubusha bayo. Intambo enhle inombala okhanyayo, cishe we-amber futhi, lapho indandatho incindekile, ibuyela emuva, izama ukubuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni.

Izintambo zamathumbu kufanele zigcinwe ephepheni le-wax (lapho zivame ukuthengiswa khona), kude nomswakama, kodwa hhayi endaweni eyomile kakhulu.

c) Uma ama-frets engabekwe kahle ku-fretboard. Idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu okungenziwa kuphela uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.

d) Uma intamo isontekile, igoqe. Idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu okungenziwa kuphela uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.

5. Kungani izintambo zingahlali zihambisana.

a) Uma intambo ingagxili kahle esikhonkwaneni bese ikhasela iphume. Kudingeka ukubophela ngokucophelela intambo esikhonkwaneni njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.

b) Uma iluphu yefekthri engxenyeni engezansi yentambo yenziwe kahle. Udinga ukwenza iluphu entsha ngokwakho noma ushintshe uchungechunge.

c) Uma izintambo ezintsha zingakafakwa. Ukubeka izintambo ezintsha ensimbini nasekulungiseni, kuyadingeka ukuthi uziqinise, ucindezela kancane ibhodi lomsindo ngesithupha sakho eduze kwebhokisi lezwi noma ukulidonsa ngokucophelela likhuphukele phezulu. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa izintambo, insimbi kufanele ishunwe ngokucophelela. Izintambo kufanele ziqiniswe kuze kube yilapho intambo igcina ukuhleleka okuhle naphezu kokuqiniswa.

d) Uma insimbi ishunwa ngokukhulula ukushuba kwezintambo. Kuyadingeka ukushuna insimbi ngokuqinisa, hhayi ukuxegisa intambo. Uma intambo ishunwa ngaphezu kwesidingo, kungcono ukuyikhulula futhi uyilungise ngendlela efanele ngokuyiqinisa futhi; ngaphandle kwalokho, intambo izokwehlisa nakanjani ukushuna njengoba uyidlala.

e) Uma izikhonkwane zingasebenzi kahle, ziyayeka futhi aziwugcini umugqa. Kufanele ufake entsha esikhundleni sesikhonkwane esilimele noma uzame ukusibhekisa kolunye uhlangothi lapho usimisa.

6. Kungani izintambo zigqashuka.

a) Uma izintambo zisezingeni eliphansi. Izintambo kufanele zikhethwe ngokucophelela lapho uthenga.

b) Uma izintambo zijiyile kunalokho okudingekayo. Izintambo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokujiya kanye nebanga elibonakale lifaneleka kakhulu ithuluzi ekusebenzeni.

c) Uma isikali sensimbi siside kakhulu, ukukhetha okukhethekile kwezintambo ezincanyana kufanele kusetshenziswe, nakuba ithuluzi elinjalo kufanele libhekwe njengesici sokukhiqiza.

d) Uma intambo yokumisa incane kakhulu (icijile). Kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokubheja kokuqina okujwayelekile, futhi ukusikeka kwezintambo kufanele kufakwe isihlabathi ngephepha lengilazi (i-sandpaper) ukuze kungabikho imiphetho ebukhali.

e) Uma imbobo yezikhonkwane okufakwe kuyo intambo inemiphetho ebukhali kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa futhi bushelelezi emaphethelweni ngefayela elincane elingunxantathu bese usihlabathi nge-sandpaper.

f) Uma intambo, lapho isetshenziswa futhi ifakwa, iboshiwe futhi iphuka kuyo. Kudingekile ukuhambisa nokudonsa intambo entweni ukuze izintambo zingaphuli noma zingasonti.

7. Indlela yokulondoloza ithuluzi.

Gcina insimbi yakho ngokucophelela. Ithuluzi lidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela. Ungayigcini ekamelweni elimanzi, ungayilengi eduze noma eduze kwefasitela elivuliwe esimweni sezulu esimanzi, ungayibeki efasiteleni. Njengoba imunca umswakama, insimbi iba manzi, iphumele ngaphandle futhi ilahlekelwe umsindo wayo, futhi izintambo ziyagqwala.

Akunconywa futhi ukugcina ithuluzi elangeni, eduze nokushisa noma endaweni eyomile kakhulu: lokhu kubangela ukuthi insimbi yome, ideskithophu kanye nokuqhuma komzimba, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuphelele.

Kudingekile ukudlala ithuluzi ngezandla ezomile nezihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukungcola kuqoqana ku-fretboard eduze kwama-frets ngaphansi kwezintambo, futhi izintambo ngokwazo ziyagqwala futhi zilahlekelwa umsindo wazo ocacile kanye nokulungisa okulungile. Kungcono ukusula intamo nezintambo ngendwangu eyomile, ehlanzekile ngemva kokudlala.

Ukuze kuvikelwe insimbi othulini nasemanzini, kufanele igcinwe ekesini elenziwe ngeseyili, elinentambo ethambile noma ekesi lekhadibhodi elifakwe ngendwangu yamafutha.
Uma ukwazi ukuthola ithuluzi elihle, futhi ekugcineni lizodinga ukunakekelwa, qaphela ukulibuyekeza futhi “ukulihlobisa”. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukususa i-lacquer endala bese uvala ibhodi lomsindo eliphezulu nge-lacquer entsha. Ithuluzi elihle elivela "ekulungiseni" okunjalo lingalahlekelwa phakade izimfanelo zalo ezinhle kakhulu.

8. Ungahlala kanjani futhi ubambe i-balaika ngenkathi udlala.

Uma udlala i-balalaika, kufanele uhlale esihlalweni, eduze konqenqema ukuze amadolo agobe cishe nge-engeli efanele, futhi umzimba ubanjwe ngokukhululekile nangokuqondile.

Ukuthatha i-balalaika entanyeni esandleni sakho sobunxele, uyibeke phakathi kwamadolo akho nomzimba futhi kancane, ukuze kube nokuzinza okukhulu, cindezela ikhoneni elingezansi lensimbi nabo. Susa intamo yensimbi kuwe kancane.

Phakathi nomdlalo, akukho sici cindezela indololwane yesandla sobunxele emzimbeni futhi ungayithathi ngokweqile eceleni.

Intamo yensimbi kufanele ilele kancane ngaphansi kwequpha lesithathu lomunwe wokukhomba wesandla sobunxele. Intende yesandla sobunxele akufanele ithinte intamo yensimbi.

Ukufika kungabhekwa njengokulungile:

a) uma ithuluzi ligcina indawo yalo phakathi nomdlalo ngisho ngaphandle kokulisekela ngesandla sobunxele;

b) uma ukunyakaza kweminwe nesandla sesandla sokunxele kukhululekile ngokuphelele futhi akuboshiwe "ukugcinwa" kwethuluzi, futhi

c) uma ukufikela kungokwemvelo, kwenza umuntu abukeke athandeke ngaphandle futhi kungakhathali umculi phakathi nomdlalo.