Izici Zomtshingo WaseShayina

Ukwazi izici zomtshingo waseShayina kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umuntu ozikhethela ithuluzi elingavamile. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukuthi uyidlala kanjani i-xiao. Umculo wensimbi yomculo we-bamboo yasendulo (umtshingo oguquguqukayo) ubonwa kahle kakhulu ngisho nangekhulu lama-21.

Umtshingo wasendulo waseShayina i-xiao impumelelo evelele yamasiko empucuko yasendulo. Le nsimbi yomoya inesiphetho esingezansi esivalwe ngci. Kuyinto evamile ukuyisebenzisa kokubili njengensimbi yomculo eyedwa futhi njengengxenye yeqoqo. Izazi zezilimi ziyavuma ukuthi igama elithi “xiao” ngokwalo livele lilingisa umsindo okhishiwe. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemitshingo yamaShayina esetshenziswa manje kwavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12-13.

Ngaphambilini, igama elithi "xiao" lalisetshenziswa kuphela kumtshingo onemigqomo eminingi, manje ebizwa ngokuthi "paixiao". Izinsimbi ezinomphongolo owodwa esikhathini esidlule zazibizwa ngokuthi “di”. Namuhla, i-di iyizakhiwo eziguquguqukayo kuphela. Wonke ama-xiao esimanje enziwa ngephethini yobude. Isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwemitshingo enjalo asaziwa ngokuqinisekile.

Enye inguqulo ikholelwa ukuthi zadalwa phakathi kwekhulu lesi-3 BC kanye nekhulu lesi-3 AD. Enye i-hypothesis ithi i-xiao yaqala ukwenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14 BC. e. Lokhu kucabangela kusekelwe ekukhulunyweni kwamanye amacici edayisi yangaleso sikhathi. Yiqiniso, ukuthi ngempela lelo thuluzi lalibukeka kanjani nokuthi incazelo yegama layo ayikatholakali.

Kukhona inguqulo ethi i-xiao evela emathanjeni ezilwane yaqala ukwenziwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-7000 edlule. Uma ilungile, khona-ke kuvela ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezinsimbi ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Imitshingo emide eyehlele kithi ngedethi ethile, nokho, ngaphambi kwekhulu le-16. Inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo enjalo laqala ukwenziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-19 kuphela.

Ubuso obungaphezulu be-xiao bufakwe imbobo etshekele ngaphakathi. Uma udlala, umoya ungena ngawo. Izinguqulo ezindala bezinezimbobo zeminwe emi-4. Imitshingo yesimanje yesiShayina yenziwe ngamaphaseji angu-5 endaweni engaphambili, futhi usengakwazi ukusonga isithupha sakho ngemuva. Ubukhulu bungahluka kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile zaseShayina, ububanzi bomsindo obujwayelekile bucishe bulingane nama-octave ambalwa.

Isifunda saseShayina esingokomlando saseJiangnan - esicishe silingane neYangtze Delta yesimanje - sihlukaniswa ngokuhlukile kwe-zizhu xiao. Zenziwe ngoqalo olumnyama. Njengoba izinsimbi ezinjalo zenziwe ngemiphongolo enama-internode amade, umtshingo onjalo ufinyelela ubude obukhulu. Umtshingo we-dongxiao wakudala, ojwayelekile eningizimu ye-Fujian nase-Taiwan, wenziwa ngoqalo olunesiqu esiwugqinsi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezihlahla zoqalo ezinalezi zici.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi umtshingo wendabuko oguquguqukayo wadalwa kuqala ngabantu bakwaQiang, okhokho besibalo sanamuhla saseTibet. Wabe ehlala enkabeni naseningizimu yeGansu, kanye nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSichuan. Kuyavunywa ukuthi i-xiao yenkathi ephakathi nendawo icishe iqondane ngokuphelele nokubukeka namasampula esimanje.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezindlela zaseYurophu.

Ukukhululeka kokwenziwa kwethuluzi kunquma ukuthandwa kwalo. I-xiao yendabuko yangempela, njengoba sekushiwo, yenziwe ngoqalo. Nokho, kukhona ezinye imiklamo:

• esekelwe porcelain;
• kusuka etsheni eliqinile (ikakhulukazi i-jadeite ne-jade);
• kusuka ezinyoni zendlovu;
• ngokhuni (manje sebethandwa kakhulu).

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ziyi-northern xiao ne-nanxiao, ezivamile ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-China. Egameni elithi “northern xiao”, igama elithi “northern” livamise ukushiywa. Isizathu sicacile - ithuluzi elinjalo alitholakali ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yezwe kuphela. Inguqulo yakudala yomklamo yinde impela. Ingahluka kusuka ku-700 kuya ku-1250 mm.

I-Nanxiao yimfushane futhi inkulu. Unqenqema lwalo olungaphezulu luvuliwe. Imitshingo yaseNingizimu itholakala kusetshenziswa ingxenye yempande yoqalo oluphuzi. Ngolwazi lwakho: ithuluzi elinjalo livame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-chiba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wafika eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea esikhathini esidlule, wabe eseya eziqhingini zaseJapane.

Ukubulawa kwe-labium kusivumela ukuthi sihlukanise i-nanxiao ngezigaba ezi-3 eziyinhloko:

• I-UU (elula kwabaqalayo);
• UV;
• v.

I-Nanxiao ngokomlando ilukwe emculweni we-sizhu. Wenziwa ama-orchestra ayimfundamakhwela asakazeka ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaMing noQing. Leli siko lomculo lisandile nanamuhla. Ibonakala ngesivinini, isigqi esicacile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-sizhu ihlanganiswe ne-xiao elula.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu okugcina akuseyona eyabantu, kodwa okwegatsha eliphezulu lamasiko aseShayina. Uma insimbi enjalo yethulwa ku-orchestra, khona-ke ihlala isebenzisana ne-guqin zither. Njengoba inhlanganisela yabo yenziwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka, namuhla ingoma yomculo waseShayina yohlobo olusenyakatho imelelwa ikakhulukazi izingoma ezihamba kancane, ezibushelelezi.

Ngokwengxenye, imikhuba enjalo isaqhubeka nanamuhla - kodwa kakade njengengxenye yomdlalo ngokwawo.

Umculo wakudala odlalwa ngomtshingo wamaShayina uhluke kakhulu. Izibuyekezo zithi inikeza umsindo ojulile futhi onjengamanzi. Ishibhile kancane, kodwa ayilahlekelwa ukuzwakala kwayo. Amathoni aphansi adala umuzwa wokuthula nokuthula. Ezincwadini zaseChina lasendulo, imitshingo enjalo yayibhekwa njengomfanekiso wokudabuka okuncane.

Inothi eliyinhloko, ngokungafani nezinsimbi zaseYurophu, livela lapho i-valve ye-octave ivaliwe. Kuye ngenani lamashaneli, izimbobo ezi-2 noma ezi-3 zivaliwe ukusuka phezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic.

Izincomo:

• ukuxhumanisa isenzo semisipha yomlomo nesisu;
• khipha ukugeleza komoya ozinzile ebangeni elincane le-interlabial;
• gwema ukuphefumula okunamandla kakhulu;
• moisturize izindebe;
• ungesabi ukuzama (wonke umtshingo wamaShayina usahamba ngendlela yakhe).

Ulwazi oluthe xaxa oluthokozisayo mayelana nomtshingo we-Chinese xiao lungatholakala kuvidiyo elandelayo.