Izinhlamvu zomculo |

Izinhlamvu zomculo - ithiyori yasendulo yaseRussia. izibonelelo (igama elithi "alfabhethi" laqala ukusetshenziswa kubo kuphela ngekhulu le-18). Ezokuqala zazo zihlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-15. Bafakwe ezincwadini zokucula, ezinamakhasi angama-2-3 ku-quarto. Owokuqala u-A.m. zazilinganiselwe ohlwini lwezimpawu zokucula - amabhanela (bheka. Ingoma ye-Znamenny). Ngekhulu le-16, kwamanye amamanyuwali, “ukuhunyushwa kwesibhengezo” kwengezwa ohlwini, okuhlanganisa incazelo “yokuthi iculwa kanjani” kanye nokusabalalisa “ngokwamazwi” (bona i-Osmoglasie). Okulingana kuphinde kwanikezwa ngo-A.m., okungukuthi melodic. amafomula abhalwe ngosizo lwenhlanganisela ekhethekile, "evaliwe ngasese" yezimpawu zokubhala kwe-Znamenny. Ama-Fits asetshenziswa njengamaphimbo, okusiza ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo yomculo, ukuphefumula, namakhono okudlala i-cantilena ebanzi nemisho. Njengoba inani lezilinganiso landa (ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 kakade kwase kunezingaphezu kwekhulu), kwaba nzima nakakhulu ukuzikhumbula. Kwakudingeka izibonelelo ezikhethekile - okuthiwa. ama-fitniks; banikezwa imibhalo ehambisana namagama abo, kwanikezwa amagama, okwakuvame ukusetshenziswa ngawo ekuculeni. Kamuva, "ukuhlukana" kwaqala ukwethulwa kuma-fitniks, okungukuthi, amarekhodi afanayo ku-hook notation evamile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, izincwadi zethiyori zivela amasethi ezingoma ezakha isisekelo sengoma kaZnamenny - "kokizniki" (kusuka ku-kokiza - igama lesiRashiya elidala lamaculo). I-Kokiza yasatshalaliswa ngokwamazwi. Eduze kombhalo we-kokiza negama layo, igama noma ibinzana elivela ku-Ph.D. izingoma ezidume kakhulu esetshenziswa kuzo.

Ithiyori ephelele futhi ehlelekile. Umhlahlandlela wokucula kukaZnamenny yiSaziso Sezimpawu Ezivumelanayo, esahlanganiswa ngo-1668 yiqembu lochwepheshe elaliholwa indela efundile u-Alexander Mezenets. Kulo msebenzi, ngokokuqala ngqá, uhlelo lwamamaki, okungukuthi, ukuqokwa okwengeziwe okucacise i-ideographic. uhlelo lokubhala ihhuku.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, lapho umbhalo wemigqa emihlanu uqala ukusetshenziswa, kwasungulwa olunye uhlobo lwethiyori. izibonelelo - izibhengezo eziphindwe kabili, lapho, ngokuhambisana ne-hook notation ye-kokiz ne-fit, ukuhunyushwa kwabo kusistimu ye-notolinear kunikezwa (bheka i-Double banner). Ngama-90s, indela u-Tikhon Makaryevsky yahlanganisa "Ukhiye" wokufunda incwadi ye-hook, lapho incazelo yezingwegwe, izingoma kanye nokulingana kuchazwa kusetshenziswa i-notation enemigqa emihlanu.

Ukucula ukucula kohlobo oludala kwaqhubeka kukhona ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, futhi kwasetshenziswa amakholwa amadala kamuva, kodwa kwakungasenakubaluleka okufanayo, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwengoma ye-znamenny ngokwayo kwaphela ekuqaleni kwe-17 ne-18. amakhulu eminyaka.

Imibhalo yesandla ka-A.m. zigcinwe kuhulumeni. ezinqolobaneni futhi isebenza njengomthombo obalulekile wokutadisha isiko lasendulo lomculo waseRussia.

References: I-ABC ye-Znamenny Singing (Isaziso Sezimpawu Ezivumelanayo) nguMdala u-Alexander Mezenets. Ishicilelwe ngezincazelo namanothi ngu-St. Smolensky, Kazan, 1888; Uspensky N., ubuciko bokucula baseRussia obudala, M., 1965, 1971; I-Brazhnikov MV, ithiyori yakudala yaseRussia yomculo, L., 1972.

ND Uspensky