Isiqephu |

ital. anticipazione, French. kanye nesiNgisi. ukulindela, igciwane. I-Antizipation, Vorausnahme

Umsindo ongeyona i-chord (ngokuvamile emfushane, ekushayeni okulula kokugcina), obolekwe ku-chord elandelayo (kulokhu, i-P., njengokungathi, isibuko esiphambene nokugcinwa okulungisiwe, esibolekwe ku-chord yangaphambilini). Abbr. igama esibonelweni somculo lithi im. I-P. ingaqondwa njengesinqumo esithuthukisiwe (inguquko) yomunye wemisindo emsindweni ohambisanayo wechodi yesikhathi esizayo (ngakho-ke, ayikhulumi "ngokulungiswa" kwe-P.). I-P. ivamise ukuba yi-monophonic, kodwa futhi ingaba i-polyphonic (i-double, i-triple P.), ngisho nakuwo wonke amazwi ngesikhathi esisodwa (ichord P.; ngayo akukho msindo ngesikhathi esisodwa we-chord kanye nemisindo engeyona i-chord).

Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethekile yi-jump P.; ama-cambiata amaningi (okuthiwa “i-fuchsian cambiata”) kunalokho agxuma u-P.

I-Preforms itholakala ngeNkathi Ephakathi. i-monody (bona ukuqala kokulandelana kwe-“Sanctus Spiritus” esihlokweni sika-Notker), kanye naku-polyphony endala, kodwa ukungavuthwa kwe-chord-harmonic. izinhlamvu kanye nobunzima bokubhala akusivumeli ukuthi sikhulume ngoP. njengento eyakhiwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kweRenaissance (bheka uG. de Machaux, ingoma ye-14 ethi "Je ne cuit pas" - "Akekho umuntu uCupid angamnika kanjalo izibusiso eziningi”, imigoqo 1-2; futhi iphetha i-cadence ku-ballad yesi-8 “De desconfort”). Esikhathini sikaJosquin Despres, uP. Kusukela ekhulwini le-16 leminyaka P. isetshenziswa njengendlela engavamile, kodwa kakade ecwebezelwe ngokuphelele ye-polyphonic. imiculo (eduze kwasePalestrina). Kusukela ekhulwini le-17 (ikakhulukazi kusukela engxenyeni yesi-2.) U-P. uthola ikhwalithi entsha yokuqhathanisa hhayi nje ngezwi eliphikisanayo, kodwa futhi ku-chord yonke (umqondo wesimanje we-P.). Ngekhulu lama-20 i-P. ivame ukusetshenziswa njengethoni eseceleni ukuhlanganisa ukuvumelana, okuqondile (i-SS Prokofiev, "i-Romeo ne-Juliet", "i-Montagues ne-Capulets", iphetha i-cadence).

Ngokwethiyori, into ka-P. ihlanganiswe ngokukhethekile ngu-Kr. Bernhard (umfundi kaG. Schutz; phakathi nekhulu le-17). Esahlukweni 23 (“Von der Anticipatione Notae”), i-Op. "I-Tractatus compositionis augmentus" P. (ngaphansi kwegama elithi "ukulindela") ibhekwa "njengomfanekiso" ohlobisa ingoma:

Encwadini ethi “Von der Singe-Kunst oder Manier”, uBernhard uhlukanisa phakathi “kwesandulela senothi” ( Anticipatione della nota; bheka isibonelo esingenhla) kanye “nesandulela sohlamvu” ( Anticipatione della sillaba; bheka isibonelo ngezansi ).

U-JG Walter (ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18) naye ucabangela u-P. phakathi "kwezibalo". Nali isampula “lokuphakama kwamagama” encwadini yakhe ethi “Praecepta …” (igama elithi “Psallam” liphindaphindwa engxenyeni yesi-2 yebha yoku-1):

Ngokuthuthuka kwenkolelo-mbono entsha yokuvumelana (eqala ngekhulu le-18), upiyano lwangena eqenjini lemisindo engeyona i-chord.

References: bona ku-Art. imisindo engabambeki.

Yu. N. Kholopov