Kosaku Yamada |

Kosaku Yamada

Umqambi waseJapan, umqhubi kanye nothisha womculo. Umsunguli wesikole saseJapane sabaqambi. Indima ka-Yamada - umqambi, umqhubi, isibalo somphakathi - ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo laseJapane inkulu futhi ihlukahlukene. Kodwa, mhlawumbe, ukufaneleka kwakhe okuyinhloko kuyisisekelo sokuqala kochwepheshe be-symphony orchestra emlandweni wezwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1914, ngemva nje kokuba umculi osemusha ephothule ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kochwepheshe.

U-Yamada wazalelwa futhi wakhulela eTokyo, lapho athweswa khona iziqu e-Academy of Music ngo-1908, wabe esethuthuka ngaphansi kukaMax Bruch eBerlin. Lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo, waqaphela ukuthi ngaphandle kokudalwa kwe-orchestra egcwele ngokugcwele, noma ukusabalala kwesiko lomculo, noma ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko bokuqhuba, noma, ekugcineni, ukuvela kwesikole sikazwelonke sokuqamba akunakwenzeka. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho u-Yamada asungula khona iqembu lakhe - iTokyo Philharmonic Orchestra.

Ehola i-orchestra, u-Yamada wenza umsebenzi omningi wokufundisa. Wanikeza inqwaba yamakhonsathi minyaka yonke, lapho engazange enze khona umculo we-classic kuphela, kodwa futhi zonke izingoma ezintsha zabantu bakubo. Ubuye wazibonakalisa engumsakazi oshisekayo womculo omncane waseJapan ohambweni lwangaphandle, olwalushubile amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Emuva ngo-1918, u-Yamada wavakashela i-United States okokuqala, futhi eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu wathola udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe, enza emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise kabili - ngo-1930 no-1933 - e-USSR.

Ngesitayela sakhe sokuqhuba, u-Yamada wayengowesikole sasendulo saseYurophu. Umqhubi wayehlukaniswa ngokucophelela emsebenzini wakhe ne-orchestra, ukunaka imininingwane, inqubo ecacile neyongayo. U-Yamada ungumnikazi wezingoma eziningi: ama-opera, ama-cantata, ama-symphonies, izingcezu ze-orchestra ne-chamber, amakhwaya nezingoma. Zakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngesitayela sendabuko saseYurophu, kodwa futhi ziqukethe izici zomculo nesakhiwo somculo waseJapane. U-Yamada unikele ngamandla amaningi emsebenzini wokufundisa - iningi labaqambi nabadidiyeli besikhathi samanje baseJapan, ngokwezinga elithile noma kwelinye, bangabafundi bakhe.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969