Etienne Mehul |

Etienne Mehul

"Izimbangi ziyaziqhenya ngawe, iminyaka yakho iyakuthanda, izizukulwane ziyakubiza." Yile ndlela uMegül aqondiswa ngayo umuntu owayephila ngesikhathi sakhe, umbhali weMarseillaise, uRouget de Lisle. L. Cherubini unikezela kozakwabo indalo engcono kakhulu - i-opera ethi "Medea" - enombhalo othi: "Citizen Megul." “Ngokusekela nobungane bakhe,” njengoba uMegül ngokwakhe evuma, wahlonishwa umgqugquzeli omkhulu wesiteji se-opera u-KV Gluck. Umsebenzi wokudala nezenhlalo womculi waklonyeliswa nge-Order of the Legion of Honor, etholwe ezandleni zikaNapoleon. Ukuthi le ndoda yayiqonde malini esizweni saseFrance - esinye sezihlabani zomculo ezinkulu zeNguquko Enkulu YaseFrance yekhulu lesi-XNUMX - kwafakazelwa umngcwabo kaMegul, owaphumela ekubonakaleni okukhulu.

U-Megül wenze izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala emculweni ngaphansi kokuqondisa komculi wendawo. Kusukela ngo-1775, e-abbey yaseLa Vale-Dieu, eduze ne-Givet, wathola imfundo evamile yomculo, eholwa ngu-V. Ganzer. Ekugcineni, ngo-1779, kakade eseParis, waqeda imfundo yakhe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaGluck noF. Edelman. Umhlangano wokuqala noGluck, owachazwa nguMegül ngokwakhe njengomdlalo ohlekisayo, wenziwa esifundweni somgqugquzeli, lapho umculi osemusha angena ngokunyenya ukuze abheke ukuthi umdwebi omkhulu usebenza kanjani.

Impilo nomsebenzi kaMegül kuxhumene kakhulu nezehlakalo zamasiko nezomlando ezenzeka eParis ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-1793 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1790. Inkathi yeNguquko yanquma uhlobo lomsebenzi womqambi womculo nezenhlalo. Kanye nabantu besikhathi sakhe abadumile F. Gossec, J. Lesueur, Ch. Catel, A. Burton, A. Jaden, B. Sarret, udala umculo wemikhosi nemigubho yeNguquko. U-Megül wakhethwa njengelungu le-Music Guard (i-orchestra kaSarret), wakhuthaza ngenkuthalo umsebenzi we-National Music Institute kusukela ngosuku lokusungulwa kwayo (XNUMX) futhi kamuva, ngokuguqulwa kwesikhungo saba yindawo yokugcinwa komculo, wafundisa ikilasi lokuqamba. . Eminyakeni yama-XNUMX cishe wonke ama-opera akhe amaningi avela. Phakathi neminyaka yoMbuso WaseNapoleonic kanye Nokubuyiselwa okwalandela, u-Megül wabhekana nomuzwa okhulayo wokunganakwa kokudala, walahlekelwa isithakazelo emisebenzini yomphakathi. Kuhlala abafundi be-conservatory kuphela (omkhulu phakathi kwabo umqambi we-opera u-F. Herold) kanye ... nezimbali. U-Megül uyisazi sezimbali esishisekayo, owaziwa kakhulu e-Paris njengomqaphi ohlakaniphile kanye nomfuyi wama-tulips.

Ifa lomculo likaMegül libanzi kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa ama-opera angu-45, ama-ballet angu-5, umculo wemidlalo emangalisayo, ama-cantata, ama-symphonies angu-2, upiyano ne-violin sonatas, inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yezwi neye-orchestra ohlotsheni lwezingoma zezingoma eziningi. Ama-opera ka-Megül nezingoma eziningi zangena emlandweni wesiko lomculo. Emiculweni yakhe ehamba phambili yamahlaya namculo we-lyrical (u-Ephrosine no-Coraden - 1790, uStratonika - 1792, uJoseph - 1807), umqambi ulandela indlela eshiwo abantu besikhathi sakhe abadala - ama-classics e-opera ethi Gretry, Monsigny, Gluck. U-Megül ungomunye wabokuqala ukwembula ngomculo itulo le-adventure elimangalisayo, izwe eliyinkimbinkimbi nelinempilo lemizwa yabantu, ukungafani kwabo kanye nemibono emikhulu yezenhlalakahle kanye nezingxabano zenkathi ye-Revolutionary ezifihliwe ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu. Indalo kaMegül yanqoba ngolimi lwesimanje lomculo: ubulula nobumnene bayo, ukuthembela engomeni nasekudanseni imithombo ejwayeleke kuwo wonke umuntu, okucashile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-nuances amangalisayo we-orchestra kanye nomsindo wekhwaya.

Isitayela sika-Megül siphinde saqoshwa ngokusobala ohlotsheni lwentando yeningi lwengoma enkulu yama-1790s, amagama awo nesigqi sangena emakhasini ama-operas nama-symphonies ka-Megül. Lezi "Ingoma KaMashi" (hhayi ngaphansi kokuduma kwe- "La Marseillaise" ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX), "Ingoma Yokubuya, Ingoma Yokunqoba." Umuntu omdala owayephila ngesikhathi sika-Beethoven, u-Megul wayelindele isilinganiso sesonority, umoya onamandla womculo ka-Beethoven, kanye nokuhambisana nokucula kwakhe, umculo wesizukulwane esisha sabaqambi, abameleli bothando lokuqala.

V. Ilyeva