Sheng umlando

shen – insimbi yomculo yomhlanga womoya. Ingenye yezinsimbi zomculo ezindala kakhulu zamaShayina.

Umlando kaSheng

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwe-shen kuhlehlela emuva ku-1100 BC. Umlando wemvelaphi yawo uhlotshaniswa nenganekwane enhle - kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-sheng yanikeza abantu uNuwa, umdali wesintu kanye nonkulunkulukazi wokufanisa nomshado.

Umsindo wesheng wawufana nokukhala kwenyoni yasePhoenix. Ngempela, umsindo wensimbi uveza ngokucacile futhi ucacile. Ekuqaleni, i-sheng yayihloselwe ukudlala umculo wokomoya. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweZhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC), wathola ukuthandwa okukhulu. Wasebenza njengensimbi ehambisana nabadansi basenkantolo nabaculi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaduma phakathi kwabantu abavamile, yayizwakala kaningi emibukisweni yedolobha, emikhosini nasemikhosini. E-Russia, i-Shen yaziwa kuphela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX-XNUMX.

Idivayisi kanye namasu okukhipha umsindo

I-Sheng - ibhekwa njengokhokho wezinsimbi zomculo, isici esiyinhloko okuyindlela yomhlanga yokukhipha umsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-sheng ikuvumela ukuba ukhiphe imisindo eminingana ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungacatshangwa ukuthi kwakuseChina lapho baqala ukwenza imisebenzi ye-polyphonic. Ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza umsindo, i-sheng iyingxenye yeqembu lama-aerophones - izinsimbi, umsindo wawo owumphumela wokudlidliza kwekholomu yomoya.

I-Sheng ingeyezinhlobonhlobo zama-harmonicas futhi ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwamashubhu e-resonator. Ithuluzi liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: umzimba (“douzi”), amashubhu, umhlanga.

Umzimba uyisitsha esinomlomo wokuphefumula umoya. Ekuqaleni, isitsha senziwe ngokhava, kamuva ngokhuni noma ngensimbi. Manje kunamacala enziwe ngethusi noma ngokhuni, ane-varnished. Emzimbeni kunezimbobo zamashubhu enziwe ngoqalo. Inani lamashubhu lihlukile: 13, 17, 19 noma 24. Zibuye zihluke ngokuphakama, kodwa zihlelwe ngamabili futhi zihlobene ngokulinganayo komunye nomunye. Akuwona wonke amashubhu asetshenziswa emdlalweni, amanye awo ahlobisa. Izimbobo zibhojwa ezansi kwamashubhu, ngokuwabopha futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo evuthela noma ekhipha umoya, abaculi bakhipha umsindo. Engxenyeni engezansi kunezilimi, okuyingcwecwe yensimbi eyenziwe nge-alloy yegolide, isiliva noma ithusi, u-0,3 mm ubukhulu. Ulimi lobude obudingekayo lunqunywe ngaphakathi kwepuleti - ngaleyo ndlela, ifreyimu nolimi kuyisiqephu esisodwa. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsindo, ama-longitudinal recesses ayenziwa engxenyeni engaphakathi engaphakathi yamashubhu ukuze ama-air oscillations enzeke ngokuzwakala kwemihlanga. I-Sheng yasebenza njengesibonelo se-accordion ne-harmonium ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Sheng emhlabeni wanamuhla

I-Sheng iyona kuphela yezinsimbi zomdabu zaseShayina ezisetshenziselwa ukudlala ku-orchestra ngenxa yezimpawu ezingavamile zomsindo wayo.

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-shengs, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa:

• Kuye ngephimbo: i-sheng-tops, i-sheng-alto, i-sheng-bass.
• Kuye ngobukhulu bomzimba: i-dasheng (i-sheng enkulu) – 800 mm ukusuka esisekelweni, i-gzhongsheng (i-sheng ephakathi) – 430 mm, i-xiaosheng (i-sheng encane) – 405 mm.

Ububanzi bomsindo buncike enanini nobude bamashubhu. I-Sheng inesikali sechromatic esinezinyathelo eziyishumi nambili, esibonakala ngesilinganiso somoya ofanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-sheng akuyona nje enye yezinsimbi zomdabu zaseShayina ezindala kunazo zonke eziye zasinda kuze kube manje, kodwa namanje zisaqhubeka nokubamba indawo ekhethekile emasikweni aseMpumalanga - abaculi bacula umculo ku-shen solo, ekuhlanganisweni nase-orchestra.