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I-French timbre, i-English timbre, i-German Klangfarbe

Umbala womsindo; esinye sezibonakaliso zomsindo womculo (kanye nephimbo, ukuphakama nobude besikhathi), okuhlukaniswa ngayo imisindo yokuphakama okufanayo nokuzwakalayo, kodwa kwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezahlukene, ngamazwi ahlukene noma ngensimbi efanayo, kodwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, imivimbo. I-timbre inqunywa into eyenziwa ngayo umthombo womsindo - isidlidlizi sensimbi yomculo, kanye nokuma kwayo (izintambo, izinduku, amarekhodi, njll.), kanye ne-resonator (amadekhi epiyano, ama-violin, izinsimbi zecilongo, njll.); i-timbre ithonywa ama-acoustics egumbi - izici zemvamisa yokumunca, ukuvela okubonisayo, ukuphindaphinda, njll. umzuzu wokuqala wokuvela komsindo - ukuhlasela (okubukhali, okushelelayo, okuthambile), amafomu - izindawo zamathoni athuthukisiwe ngokwengxenye ku-spectrum yomsindo, i-vibrato, nezinye izici. T. futhi kuncike engqikithini yevolumu yomsindo, kurejista - ephezulu noma ephansi, kumabhithi phakathi kwemisindo. Umlaleli uveza u-T. Ch. ar. ngosizo lwezethulo ezihlangene - uqhathanisa le khwalithi yomsindo nemibono yayo ebonakalayo, ethintekayo, eguquguqukayo, njll. ye-decomp. izinto, izenzakalo kanye nokuhlobana kwazo (imisindo igqamile, iyakhazimula, ibuthuntu, ibuthuntu, ifudumele, ibanda, ijulile, igcwele, ibukhali, ithambile, igcwele, inamanzi, insimbi, ingilazi, njll.); izincazelo zokuzwa (ezizwakalayo, izithulu) zisetshenziswa kancane. T. ithinta kakhulu iphimbo lephimbo. incazelo yomsindo (irejista ephansi izwakala enenani elincane lamathoni maqondana nephimbo ngokuvamile ibonakala ingacacile), ikhono lomsindo lokusabalala ekamelweni (ithonya lamafomethi), ukuqondakala konkamisa nongwaqa ekusebenzeni kwephimbo.

I-typology esekelwe ebufakazini T. mus. imisindo ayikasebenzi. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukuzwa kwe-timbre kunemvelo yendawo, okungukuthi, ngokubona kwemisindo ngethoni efanayo evamile, isibonelo. Ithoni yevayolini ihambelana neqembu lonke lemisindo ehluka kancane ekubunjweni (bona Indawo). T. iyindlela ebalulekile yomculo. ukuzwakalisa. Ngosizo lwe-T., ingxenye eyodwa noma enye yama-muses ingahlukaniswa. okuphelele - umculo, ibhesi, iculo, ukunikeza lesi sici isici, incazelo ekhethekile yokusebenza iyonke, ukuhlukanisa imishwana noma izingxenye komunye nomunye - ukuqinisa noma ukwenza buthaka ukuqhathanisa, ukugcizelela ukufana noma umehluko enqubweni ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo; Abaqambi basebenzisa inhlanganisela yethoni (i-timbre harmony), amashifu, ukunyakaza, nokuthuthuka kwethoni (timbre dramaturgy). Ukufuna amathoni amasha nezinhlanganisela zawo (ku-orchestra, i-orchestra) kuyaqhubeka, kwakhiwa izinsimbi zomculo zikagesi, kanye nama-synthesizer omsindo okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola amathoni amasha. I-Sonoristics isiphenduke isiqondiso esikhethekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamathoni.

Ukwenzeka kwesikali semvelo njengesinye se-physico-acoustic. izisekelo T. waba nethonya elinamandla ekuthuthukisweni kokuvumelana njengendlela yomculo. ukuzwakalisa; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekhulwini lama-20. kukhona ukuthambekela okuphawulekayo ngokusebenzisa ukuvumelana ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlangothi lwe-timbre yomsindo (ukufana okuhlukahlukene, isibonelo, ama-triad amakhulu, izendlalelo zokuthungwa, amaqoqo, ukufanisa umsindo wezinsimbi, njll.). Ithiyori yomculo ukuze uchaze izici eziningi zenhlangano yama-muses. ulimi luphenduke kaningi ku-T. With T. ngandlela thize, ukusesha kwamamuse kuxhunyiwe. Tunings (Pythagoras, D. Tsarlino, A. Werkmeister nabanye), izincazelo modal-harmonic kanye modal-functional izinhlelo zomculo (JF Rameau, X. Riemann, F. Gevart, GL Catoire, P. Hindemith nabanye .abacwaningi . ).

References: I-Garbuzov HA, Ama-overtones emvelo kanye nencazelo yawo evumelanayo, kokuthi: Ukuqoqwa kwemisebenzi yekhomishini yama-acoustics omculo. Izinqubo ze-HYMN, vol. 1, eMoscow, ngo-1925; eyakhe, iZone nature of timbre hearing, M., 1956; Teplov BM, I-Psychology yamakhono omculo, M.-L., 1947, encwadini yakhe: Izinkinga zokuhlukana komuntu ngamunye. (Imisebenzi ekhethiwe), M., 1961; Ama-acoustic omculo, gen. ed. Ihlelwe ngu-NA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Agarkov OM, Vibrato njengendlela yokubonisa umculo ekudlaleni i-violin, M., 1956; Nazaikinsky E., Pars Yu., Ukubona izinsimbi zomculo kanye nencazelo ye-harmonics ngayinye yomsindo, encwadini: Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zocwaningo lwe-acoustic ku-musicology, M., 1964; Pargs Yu., Vibrato kanye nepitch perception, encwadini: Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zocwaningo lwe-acoustic ku-musicology, M., 1964; Sherman NS, Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu ye-temperament efanayo, M., 1964; I-Mazel LA, i-Zuckerman VA, Ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yomculo, (ingxenye 1), Izinto zomculo nezindlela zokuhlaziya amafomu amancane, M, 1967, Volodin A., Indima ye-harmonic spectrum ekubonweni kwephimbo kanye ne-timbre yomsindo, encwadini .: Ubuciko bomculo nesayensi, ukukhishwa 1, M., 1970; Rudakov E., Kumarejista ezwi eliculayo kanye nokushintshela emisindweni emboziwe, ibid.; Nazaikinsky EV, On the Psychology of musical perception, M., 1972, Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 imfundiso yomculo, iSt. Petersburg, 1875).

Yu. N. Amagwababa