Umlando wehabhu

Ihabhu – insimbi yomculo enezintambo ezindala kakhulu. Inesimo esingunxantathu ngendlela yomnsalo enezintambo ezinwetshiwe, okuthi uma idlalwa, ikhiphe ingoma evumelanayo. Ngokwenganekwane, ihabhu lavela ngenxa yomnsalo wokuzingela. Lapho indoda yakudala idonsa intambo yomnsalo, yenza umsindo ongajwayelekile; edonsa enye intambo yomnsalo, umuntu wayesekwazi ukudlala umculo omncane. Izithombe zokuqala zehabhu elifana nomnsalo zatholakala ngendlela yemidwebo yomhume waseGibhithe lasendulo, kusukela ngo-2800-2300 BC. emathuneni abofaro. Ihabhu elinjalo, elenziwa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, latholakala lapho kumbiwa umuzi wasendulo wase-Uri, eMesophothamiya. Le nsimbi yayithandwa amaGreki, amaRoma, amaGeorgia, ama-Azerbaijani nezinye izizwe.Ihabhu, udadewabo wehabhu, yaduma eGrisi. Emidwebeni nasezifanekisweni zalezo zikhathi, ungabona ukuthi ihabhu, phakathi nomlando waseMedithera, yayithandwa izimbongi eziningi nabahlabeleli. Ama-Lyres - abangani bazo zonke izinhlanga zomhlaba, babebancane futhi belula.

E-Europe, amahabhu avela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kepha asakazeka kakhulu ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Amahabhu asendulo ayeyi-arc noma angama-angular, ehlukene ngobukhulu. Amahabhu amancane aphethwe ngesandla, ayethandwa amaCelt, ayethandwa kakhulu. Ama-octave amahlanu - okunjalo kwakuyibanga lomsindo wensimbi, izintambo zahlelwa ukuze kuphela imisindo yesikali se-diatonic ingakhiqizwa.

Ngo-1660, e-Austria kwasungulwa umshini owumshini wokhiye olungisekayo, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukushintsha ithoni yomsindo ngokudonsa noma ukwehlisa izintambo. Manje, ukuze unciphise izintambo, kwakungadingekile ukusebenzisa iminwe, kwakukhona izingwegwe eduze komunye nomunye wabo, okusize ukwandisa ithoni. Yiqiniso, umshini onjalo wawungelula, futhi ngo-1720 umpetha waseJalimane uJacob Hochbrucker wasungula umshini wokunyathela wokudlala ihabhu. Ama-pedals ayisikhombisa, kamuva akhuphukela ku-14, asebenza kuma-conductor, okuvumela izingwegwe ukuba zisondele ezintambo futhi zikhulise ithoni yamabhande.

Kamuva ngo-1810, i-luthier yesiFulentshi u-Sebastian Herard wathuthukisa ukunyakaza kwe-Hochbrucker futhi wagunyaza ihabhu elipedaliwe kabili, elisasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Umshini, othuthukiswe yi-Erar, unikeze isikali esilingana nama-octave ayisikhombisa. G. Lyon eParis ngo-1897 wasungula inguqulo yehabhu engenazinyawo. Bekunezintambo eziphambanayo, isibalo sazo esiphindeke kabili ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamaphedali. Isethi yesibili yezintambo inikeze umsindo omusha. Ngenxa yalokhu, leli thuluzi lazuza udumo, kodwa ngokushesha laqala ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwehabhu eRussia kwavela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. I-Institute for Noble Maidens eSt. Petersburg yaba umsunguli wokudlala leli thuluzi. Lesi sikhungo, esasungulwa uCatherine II, sakhulisa abaculi besifazane abaningi abadumile bangaleso sikhathi. Isikhathi esiningi sanikelwa ekufundeni ukudlala insimbi, abaculi abahamba phambili baseYurophu bamenywa.

Ekhulwini lama-XX, ihabhu lidlala indima ekhethekile emculweni wokusebenza okukodwa noma kweqembu. Akulula namuhla ukuthola umqambi ongeke awusebenzise emsebenzini wakhe.